preface to fifteenth edition

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.105 TABLE 5.17 Dielectric Constant (Permittivity) and Dipole Moment of Various Organic Substances The temperature in degrees Celsius at which the dielectric constant and dipole moment were measured is shown in this table in parentheses after the value. In some cases, the dipole moment was determined with the substance dissolved in a solvent, and the solvent used is also shown in parentheses after the temperature. The dielectric constant (permittivity) tabulated is the relative dielectric constant, which is the ratio of the actual electric displacement to the electric field strength when an external field is applied to the substance, which is the ratio of the actual dielectric constant to the dielectric constant of a vacuum. The table gives the static dielectric constant , measured in static fields or at relatively low frequencies where no relaxation effects occur. The dipole moment is given in debye units D. The conversion factor to SI units is 1 D 3.33564 1030 C · m. Alternative names for entries are listed in Table 1.15 at the bottom of each double page. List of Abbreviations B, benzene g, gas C, CCl 4 Hx, hexane cHex, cyclohexane lq, liquid D, 1,4-dioxane Substance Dielectric constant, Dipole moment, D Acetaldehyde 21.8 (10), 21.0 (18) 2.75 Acetaldehyde oxime 4.70 (25) 0.830 (20, lq), 0.90 (25, B) Acetamide 67.6 (91) 3.76 Acetanilide 3.65 (25, B) Acetic acid 6.20 (20) 1.70 Acetic anhydride 23.3 (0), 22.45 (20) 2.8 Acetone 21.0 (20), 20.7 (25), 17.6 (56) 2.88 Acetonitrile 36.64 (20), 26.6 (82) 3.924 Acetophenone 17.44 (25), 8.64 (202) 3.02 ()-erythro-2-Acetoxy-2-bromobutane 7.268 (25) ()-threo-2-Acetoxy-2-bromobutane 7.414 (25) Acetyl bromide 16.2 (20) 2.43 (20, B) Acetyl chloride 16.9 (2), 15.8 (22) 2.72 Acetylene 2.484 (77) Acrylonitrile 33.0 (20) 3.87 Allene 2.025 (4) Allylamine 1.2 Allyl alcohol 19.7 (20) 1.61 Allyl isocyanate 15.15 (15) Allyl isothiocyanate 17.2 (18) 3.2 (20, B) Allyl nitrite 9.12 (25) 2-Aminoethanol 31.94 (20), 37.72 (25) 2.59 (25, D) 2-(2-Aminoethylamino)ethanol 21.81 (20) N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine 12.62 (20) 1.9 Aniline 7.06 (20), 5.93 (70) 1.13 Benzaldehyde 19.7 (0), 17.85 (20) 3.0 Benzaldehyde oxime (mp 30) 3.8 (20) 1.2 (25, B) (mp 128) 1.5 (25, B) Benzamide 3.42 (25, B) Benzene 2.292(15), 2.283 (20), 2.274 (25) 0 Benzeneacetonitrile 17.87 (26) 3.5 Benzenesulfonyl chloride 28.90 (50) 4.50 (20, B) Benzenethiol 4.38 (25), 4.26 (30) 1.13 (25, lq), 1.19 (20, B) Benzonitrile 25.9 (20), 24.0 (40) 4.18 Benzophenone 14.60 (18), 11.4 (50) 3.09 (50, lq), 2.98 (25, B)
5.106 SECTION 5 TABLE 5.17 Dielectric Constant (Permittivity) and Dipole Moment of Various Organic Substances (Continued) Substance Dielectric constant, Dipole moment, D Benzoyl bromide 21.33 (20), 20.74 (25) 3.40 (20, B) Benzoyl chloride 29.0 (0), 23 (23) 3.16 (25, B) Benzoyl fluoride 22.7 (20) Benzyl acetate 5.1 (21), 5.34 (930) 1.80 (25, B) Benzyl alcohol 13.0 (20), 11.92 (30), 9.5 (70) 1.71 Benzylamine 5.5 (1), 5.18 (20) 1.15 (20, lq), 1.38 (25, B) Benzyl benzoate 5.26 (30) 2.06 (30, B) Benzyl chloride 7.0 (13), 6.85 (25) 1.83 (20, B) Benzylethylamine 4.3 (20) Benzyl ethyl ether 3.90 (25) Benzyl formate 6.34 (30) N-Benzylmethylamine 4.4 (19) Biphenyl 2.53 (75) 0 Bis(2-aminoethyl)amine 12.62 (20) Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 21.20 (20) 2.6 Bis(3-chloropropyl) ether 10.10 (20) Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) ether 1.92 (25, B) Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether 31.69 (20) 2.31 (20, B) Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfide 28.61 (20) Bis(2-hydroxypropyl) ether 20.38 (20) Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether 7.23 (25) ()-Bornyl acetate 4.6 (21) 1.89 (22) 3-Bromoaniline 13.0 (20) 2.67 (20, B) 4-Bromoaniline 7.06 (30) 2.88 (25, B) 2-Bromoanisole 8.96 (30) 4-Bromoanisole 7.40 (30) Bromobenzene 5.45 (20), 5.40 (25) 1.70 1-Bromobutane 7.88 (10), 7.32 (10), 7.07 (20) 2.08 ()-2-Bromobutane 8.64 (25) 2.23 2-Bromobutanoic acid 7.2 (20) cis-2-Bromo-2-butene 5.38 (20) trans-2-Bromo-2-butene 6.76 (20) 1-Bromo-2-chlorobenzene 6.80 (20) 2.15 (20, B) 1-Bromo-3-chlorobenzene 4.58 (20) 1.52 (22, B) 1-Bromo-4-chlorobenzene 0.1 (25, B) 1-Bromo-2-chloroethane 7.41 (10) 1.09 cis-1-Bromo-2-chloroethene 7.31 (17) trans-1-Bromo-2-chloroethene 2.50 (17) Bromochlorodifluoromethane 3.92 (150) Bromochloromethane 7.79 1.66 (25, B) 3-Bromo-1-chloro-2-methylpropane 8.90 (30) Bromocyclohexane 11 (65), 8.003(30) 1.08 (25, lq), 2.3 (25, B) 1-Bromodecane 4.75 (1), 4.44 (25) 2.08 (20, lq), 1.90 (25, lq) Bromodichloromethane 1.31 (25, B) 1-Bromododecane 4.07 (25) 2.01 (25, lq), 1.89 (25, B) Bromoethane 13.6 (60), 9.39 (20), 9.01 (25) 2.03 (g), 2.04 (20, lq) 1-Bromo-2-ethoxypentane 6.45 (25) 2.32 (25, B) 2-Bromo-3-ethoxypentane 6.40 (25) 2.07 (25, B) 3-Bromo-2-ethoxypentane 8.24 (25) 2.15 (25, B) 1-Bromo-2-ethylbenzene 5.55 (25) 1-Bromo-3-ethylbenzene 5.56 (25) 1-Bromo-4-ethylbenzene 5.42 (25)
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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TABLE 2.29 F Distribution (Continue
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2.134 SECTION 2 mathematical treatm
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2.136 SECTION 2 The confidence limi
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2.138 SECTION 2 situation where rel
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3.2 SECTION 3 The alphabetical orde
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3.4 SECTION 3 When it is required t
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3.6 SECTION 3 PO phosphoryl SeO sel
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3.8 SECTION 3 3.1.5 Acids 3.1.5.1 A
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3.10 SECTION 3 3.1.6.6 Multiplicati
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3.12 SECTION 3 3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERT
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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Ino
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3.62 SECTION 3 TABLE 3.3 Synonyms a
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SECTION 4 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADI
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4.3 Fermium Fm 100 [Rn] 5f 12 7s 2
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Silver (argentum) Ag 47 [Kr] 4d 10
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS,RADICALS,AND BO
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
Page 1008 and 1009:
NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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Page 1012 and 1013:
9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
Page 1078 and 1079:
10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
Page 1080 and 1081:
10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
Page 1090 and 1091:
TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
Page 1092:
SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
Page 1099 and 1100:
11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
Page 1123 and 1124:
11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
Page 1125 and 1126:
11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
Page 1127 and 1128:
11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
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11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
Page 1177 and 1178:
11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1179 and 1180:
11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1181 and 1182:
11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184:
11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
Page 1185 and 1186:
11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
Page 1187 and 1188:
TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
Page 1189 and 1190:
11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
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11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
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11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
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11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
Page 1197 and 1198:
11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
Page 1199 and 1200:
11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
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11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
Page 1203 and 1204:
11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
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11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
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11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
Page 1209 and 1210:
11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
Page 1211 and 1212:
11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
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11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
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Page 1221 and 1222:
11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
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Page 1227 and 1228:
Page 1229 and 1230:
11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
Page 1231 and 1232:
TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
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TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
Page 1235 and 1236:
TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
Page 1237 and 1238:
TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
Page 1239 and 1240:
TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
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11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
Page 1243 and 1244:
Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
Page 1245 and 1246:
Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
Page 1247 and 1248:
Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
Page 1249 and 1250:
Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
Page 1251 and 1252:
Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
Page 1253 and 1254:
Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
Page 1255 and 1256:
Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
Page 1257 and 1258:
Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
Page 1259 and 1260:
Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
Page 1289 and 1290:
Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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