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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Name Formula Formula weight Density Melting point, C Boiling point, C Solubility in 100 parts solvent 3.46 Rhenium Re 186.207 21.02 3180 5678 s HNO 3 chloride trioxide ReClO 3 269.66 4.5 128 hyd in water <strong>to</strong> HReO 4 ; s CCl 4 (IV) fluoride ReF 4 262.20 5.38 124.5 795 hyd aq (VI) fluoride ReF 6 300.20 3.58 18.5 33.8 52.5 g/100 mL anhyd HF; s HNO 3 (VII) fluoride ReF 7 319.20 3.65 48.3 73.7 hyd aq (VI) oxide ReO 3 234.20 6.9–7.4 disprop 400 750 s HNO 3 (VII) oxide Re 2 O 7 484.41 6.1 300.3 360.3 v s aq, org solv (VII) sulfide Re 2 S 7 596.88 4.866 d 460 i aq; s HNO 3 (VI) tetrachloride oxide ReCl 4 O 344.02 3.309 29.3 225 hyd aq; s CCl 4 Rhodium Rh 102.9055 12.41 20 1963 3727 s fused KHSO 4 (III) chloride RhCl 3 209.26 5.38 d 450 i aq; s KOH, KCN (III) fluoride RhF 3 159.90 5.4 subl 600 i acids, alkalis (III) oxide Rh 2 O 3 253.81 8.20 d 1100 i aq reg, KOH tetracarbonyldi--chlorodichloride Rh 2 (CO) 4 Cl 2 388.76 124–125 s org solv except hydrocarbons Rubidium Rb 85.4678 1.532 39.31 691 d aq <strong>to</strong> RbOH acetate RbC 2 H 3 O 2 144.52 246 86 g/100 mL 45 aq bromide RbBr 165.37 3.35 682 1346 108 g/100 mL 20 aq carbonate Rb 2 CO 3 230.95 837 d 900 g/100 mL: 450 20 aq, 0.74 19 alc chlorate RbClO 3 168.94 3.184 342 5.4 g/100 mL 20 aq chloride RbCl 120.92 2.76 715 1390 g/100 mL: 91 20 aq, 1.1 MeOH dihydrogen phosphate RbH 2 PO 4 182.47 840 s aq fluoride RbF 104.47 3.2 833 1410 131 g/100 mL 18 aq hexachloroplatinate(IV) Rb 2 [PtCl 6 ] 578.75 3.94 d 0.028 20 aq hydroxide RbOH 102.47 3.20 301 180 g/100 mL 18 aq; s alc iodide RbI 212.37 3.55 642 1304 163 g/100 mL 25 aq; s alc nitrate RbNO 3 147.47 3.11 305 l9.5 g/100 mL 20 aq oxide Rb 2 O 186.93 4.0 400 d s aq : RbOH sulfate Rb 2 SO 4 267.00 3.5 1050 48 g/100 mL 20 aq Ruthenium Ru 101.07 20 12.45 4 2334 4150 s fused alkali, oxidizing fluxes (III) chloride (hexagonal) RuCl 3 207.43 3.11 d 500 i aq; s HCl, alc (V) fluoride RuF 5 196.06 3.90 86.5 227 d aq (IV) oxide RuO 2 133.07 6.97 d i aq; s fused alkali
3.47 Samarium Sm 150.36 7.52 1074 1794 s acids (II) chloride SmCl 2 221.27 3.687 855 2030 s aq dec; i alc (III) chloride SmCl 3 256.72 4.46 682 d 93.4 g/100 mL 20 aq (III) fluoride SmF 3 207.36 6.643 1306 2427 i aq; s H 2 SO 4 (III) oxide Sm 2 O 3 348.72 8.347 2335 s acids (III) sulfate 8-water Sm 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·8H 2 O 733.03 2.93 anhyd 450 2.7 g/100 mL 20 aq Scandium Sc 44.956 2.985 hex 1541 2836 d aq chloride ScCl 3 151.31 2.39 967 967 v s aq; i alc oxide Sc 2 O 3 137.91 3.864 2485 s hot or conc acids sulfate 5-water Sc 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·5H 2 O 468.17 2.519 anhyd 250 d 550 54.6 g/100 mL 25 aq Selenium (hexagonal) Se 78.96 4.81 20 4 217 685 s eth, KOH, KCN; i aq, alc (IV) bromide SeBr 4 398.58 4.029 123 d aq; s HBr, chl, CS 2 (IV) chloride SeCl 4 220.77 2.6 305 subl 196 d aq (di-) dibromide Se 2 Br 2 317.73 3.604 15 4 225 d d aq; s chl, CS 2 dibromide oxide SeBr 2 O 254.77 3.38 50 41.6 217 d d aq (di-) dichloride Se 2 Cl 2 228.83 2.774 25 4 85 127 dec d aq; s bz, chl, CS 2 dichloride oxide SeCl 2 O 165.867 2.44 8.5 177.2 d aq; misc bz, chl, CCl 4 ,CS 2 difluoride oxide SeF 2 O 132.96 2.8 15 125 d aq (IV) fluoride SeF 4 154.95 2.75 10 106 reacts aq viol; misc alc, eth; s chl (VI) fluoride SeF 6 192.95 8.467 g/L 34.6 (di-) hexasulfide Se 2 S 6 350.32 2.44 121.5 s CS 2 ; 1.2 g/100 mL 20 bz (IV) oxide SeO 2 110.96 3.95 340 subl 315 w/w %: 38 14 aq, 10 12 MeOH, 4.35 acet, 6.7 14 EtOH, 1.1 12 HOAc; s H 2 SO 4 (tetra-) tetrasulfide Se 4 S 4 444.10 3.20 113 d i aq; 0.04 g/100 mL 20 bz; s CS 2 Silane SiH 4 32.12 1.409 g/L 185 111.9 d aq slowly; i alc, bz, chl, eth chloro- SiH 3 Cl 66.56 2.921 g/L 118 30.4 dichloro- SiH 2 Cl 2 101.01 4.432 g/L 122 8.3 d aq iodo- SiH 3 I 158.01 2.035 57 45.5 d aq trichloro- SiHCl 3 135.45 1.331 128 33 d aq; s bz, chl Silicon Si 28.0855 2.33 1412 3265 s HF HNO 3 , fused alkali oxides carbide (beta) SiC 40.10 3.16 2830 s fused alkali oxides dioxide ( quartz) SiO 2 60.08 2.648 573 tr 2950 i aq; s HF quartz dioxide - tungsten trioxide - SiO 2 · 12WO 3 ·26H 2 O 3310.66 v s aq, alc water (silicotungstic acid) disulfide SiS 2 92.22 2.04 1090 s d aq, alc; i bz
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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TABLE 2.29 F Distribution (Continue
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
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10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
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10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
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SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
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11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
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11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
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11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184:
11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
Page 1185 and 1186:
11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
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TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
Page 1189 and 1190:
11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
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11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
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11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
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11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
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11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
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11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
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11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
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11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
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11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
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11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
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11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
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11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
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11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
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11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
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Page 1229 and 1230:
11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
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TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
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TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
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TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
Page 1237 and 1238:
TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
Page 1239 and 1240:
TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
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11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
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Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
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Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
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Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
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Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
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Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
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Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
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Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
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Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
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Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
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Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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