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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.107 TABLE 6.3 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Physical f H f G S C p Substance State kJ · mol 1 kJ · mol 1 J · deg 1 ·mol 1 J · deg 1 ·mol 1 KBO 2 c 981.6 923.4 79.98 66.7 std. state aq 1024.75 962.19 65.3 K 2 B 4 O 7 c 3334.2 3136.8 208 170.5 KBrc 393.8 380.7 95.9 52.3 std. state aq 373.92 387.23 184.9 120.1 KBrO 3 c 360.2 271.2 149.2 105.2 aq 319.45 264.72 264.22 KBrO 4 c 287.86 174.47 170.01 120.2 KCl c 436.5 408.5 82.55 51.29 std. state aq 419.53 414.51 159.0 114.6 KClO std. state aq 359.4 320.1 146 KClO 2 std. state aq 318.8 266.1 203.8 KClO 3 c 397.73 296.31 143.1 100.3 std. state aq 356.35 291.29 264.9 KClO 4 c 432.8 303.1 151.0 112.41 std. state aq 381.71 291.88 284.5 KCN c 113.1 101.9 128.52 66.3 std. state aq 101.7 110.9 196.7 K 2 CO 3 c 1151.0 1063.5 155.5 114.44 std. state aq 1181.90 1094.41 148.1 K 2 C 2 O 4 c 1346.0 aq 1329.72 K 2 CrO 4 c 1403.7 1295.8 200.12 145.98 std. state aq 1385.91 1294.36 255.2 K 2 Cr 2 O 7 c 2061.5 1882.0 291.2 219.2 K 2 CuCl 4 ·2H 2 O c 1707.1 1492.9 355.43 253.22 KF c 567.2 537.8 66.5 48.98 std. state aq 585.01 562.08 88.7 84.9 K 3 Fe(CN) 6 c 249.8 129.7 426.06 std. state aq 139.4 120.5 577.8 K 4 Fe(CN) 6 c 594.1 453.1 418.8 322.2 std. state aq 554.0 438.11 505.0 K formate c 679.73 std. state aq 677.93 634.3 192 66.1 K glycinate aq 722.16 598.23 221.8 KH c 57.72 53.01 50.21 37.91 K 2 HAsO 4 std. state aq 1411.10 1281.22 203.3 KH 2 AsO 4 c 1180.7 1036.0 155.02 126.73 std. state aq 1161.94 1036.54 218 KHCrO 4 std. state aq 1130.5 1048.1 286.6 KHCO 3 c 963.2 863.6 115.5 std. state aq 944.33 870.10 193.7 KHC 2 O 4 std. state aq 1070.7 981.7 251.9 KHF 2 c 927.7 859.7 104.3 76.94 aq 902.32 861.40 195.0 KHgBr 3 c 550.20 std. state aq 545.6 542.7 360 K 2 HgBr 4 c 963.6 std. state aq 935.5 937.6 515 KHgCl 3 c 671.1 std. state aq 641.0 592.5 314
6.108 SECTION 6 TABLE 6.3 Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Physical f H f G S C p Substance State kJ · mol 1 kJ · mol 1 J · deg 1 ·mol 1 J · deg 1 ·mol 1 K 2 Hg(CN) 4 c 32.2 std. state aq 21.8 51.9 510 K 2 HgI 4 c 775.0 std. state aq 739.7 778.2 565 KH 2 PO 4 c 1568.33 1415.95 134.85 116.57 std. state aq 1548.67 1622.85 192.9 K 2 HPO 4 std. state aq 1796.90 1655.78 171.5 K 2 H 2 P 2 O 7 c 2815.8 aq 2783.2 2576.9 368 K 3 HP 2 O 7 aq 3032.1 2822.1 351 KHS c 265.10 75.3 std. state aq 269.9 271.21 165.3 KHSO 3 aq 878.60 811.07 242.3 KHSO 4 c 1160.6 1131.4 138.1 std. state aq 1139.72 1039.26 234.3 63.0 KI c 327.9 324.9 106.3 52.9 aq 307.57 334.85 213.8 120.5 KIO 3 c 510.43 418.4 151.46 106.48 aq 473.6 411.3 220.9 KIO 4 c 467.23 361.41 175.7 aq 403.8 341.8 322 KMnO 4 c 837.2 737.6 171.71 117.6 K 2 MoO 4 c 1498.71 std. state aq 1502.5 1402.9 232.2 KNH 2 amide c 128.9 KNO 2 c 369.82 306.60 152.09 107.40 std. state aq 356.9 315.5 225.5 KNO 3 c 494.63 394.93 133.05 96.4 std. state aq 459.74 394.59 249.0 64.9 K 2 Ni(CN) 4 std. state aq 136.8 94.6 423 K 2 O c 361.5 322.1 94.1 83.7 KO 2 c 284.9 239.4 122.5 77.53 K 2 O 2 c 494.1 425.1 102.0 110 KOCN cyanate c 418.65 std. state aq 398.3 380.7 209.2 KOH c 424.7 378.7 78.9 64.9 std. state aq 482.37 440.53 91.6 126.8 K 2 PdBr 4 c 938.1 std. state aq 889.5 884.5 452 K 3 PO 4 c 1950.2 std. state aq 2034.7 1868.6 87.9 K 4 P 2 O 7 aq 3280.7 3052.2 293 K 2 PtBr 4 c 915.0 std. state aq 872.8 828.4 326.4 K 2 PtBr 6 c 1021.3 std. state aq 975.3 898.7 368 K 2 PtCl 4 c 1054.4 180.2 std. state aq 1003.7 928.0 360 K 2 PtCl 6 c 1229.3 1078.6 333.9 205.60 std. state aq 1171.8 1049.4 424.7 K 2 ReCl 6 c 1310.4 1172.8 371.71 214.68 std. state aq 1266.92 1156.0 460
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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TABLE 2.29 F Distribution (Continue
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2.134 SECTION 2 mathematical treatm
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2.136 SECTION 2 The confidence limi
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2.138 SECTION 2 situation where rel
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3.2 SECTION 3 The alphabetical orde
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3.4 SECTION 3 When it is required t
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3.6 SECTION 3 PO phosphoryl SeO sel
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3.8 SECTION 3 3.1.5 Acids 3.1.5.1 A
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3.10 SECTION 3 3.1.6.6 Multiplicati
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3.12 SECTION 3 3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERT
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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Ino
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3.62 SECTION 3 TABLE 3.3 Synonyms a
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SECTION 4 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADI
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4.3 Fermium Fm 100 [Rn] 5f 12 7s 2
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Silver (argentum) Ag 47 [Kr] 4d 10
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS,RADICALS,AND BO
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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Page 602 and 603: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.57 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.157 TABL
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
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10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
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10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
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SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
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11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
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11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
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11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
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11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
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11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
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TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
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11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
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11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
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11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
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11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
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11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
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11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
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11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
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11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
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11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
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11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
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11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
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11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
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11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
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11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
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11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
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TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
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TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
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TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
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TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
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TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
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11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
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Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
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Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
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Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
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Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
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Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
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Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
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Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
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Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
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Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
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Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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