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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Name Formula Formula weight Density Melting point, C Boiling point, C Solubility in 100 parts solvent 3.38 Manganese (continued) diphosphate Mn 2 P 2 O 7 283.82 3.707 1196 i aq; s acid (II) fluoride MnF 2 92.93 3.98 930 1820 0.66 40 aq; s HF, conc HCl (III) fluoride MnF 3 111.93 3.54 d 600 hyd aq; s acid hydroxide Mn(OH) 2 88.95 3.258 d 0.002 18 aq; s acids iodide MnI 2 308.75 5.04 638 1017 s aq nitrate 6-water Mn(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O 287.04 1.8 25.8 v s aq, alc (II) oxide MnO 70.94 5.37 1840 i aq; s acids (III) oxide Mn 2 O 3 157.87 4.89 877 d i aq; s HCl giving off Cl 2 (IV) oxide MnO 2 86.94 5.08 O 2 ,530 sHCl;iHNO 3 , cold H 2 SO 4 (II,IV) oxide Mn 3 O 4 228.81 4.84 1567 i aq; s HCl (VII) oxide Mn 2 O 7 221.87 2.396 ca. 20 ca. 25 explodes 85; v s aq phosphinate hydrate Mn(PH 2 O 2 ) 2 ·H 2 O 202.93 d <strong>to</strong> PH 3 15 g/100 mL aq; i alc silicate, meta- MnSiO 3 131.02 3.48 1290 i aq, HCl sulfate MnSO 4 151.00 3.25 700 d 850 52 g/100 mL aq; i alc sulfate hydrate MnSO 4 ·H 2 O 169.02 2.95 anhyd 400–450 70 g/100 mL 20 aq sulfate 7-water MnSO 4 ·7H 2 O 277.11 2.09 anhyd 280 115 g/100 mL 20 aq sulfide MnS 87.00 3.99 1610 0.0006 18 aq; s acids titanate(IV)(2) Mn 2 TiO 4 150.84 4.54 1360 Mercury Hg 200.59 13.534 38.83 356.7 i aq; s HNO 3 , hot conc H 2 SO 4 (II) acetate Hg(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 318.68 3.28 178–180 d g/100 mL: 40 10 aq, 7.5 15 MeOH (II) benzoate Hg(C 7 H 5 O 2 ) 2 424.83 165 v s NaCl soln; sl s alc (I) bromide Hg 2 Br 2 560.99 7.307 subl 393 d i aq, alc, eth; d hot HCl (II) bromide HgBr 2 360.40 6.05 237 322 subl g/100 mL: 0.56 20 aq; 20 25 alc; v s HCl, HBr (I) chloride Hg 2 Cl 2 472.09 7.16 subl 382 d without melting s aqua regia; i aq, alc, eth (II) chloride HgCl 2 271.50 5.4 277 304 g/100 mL 20 : 7.15 aq, 26 alc, 4 eth 8.3 glyc, 0.5 bz; s HOAc, EtAc (II) cyanide Hg(CN) 2 252.63 4.00 d 320 g/100 mL 20 : 9.3 aq, 25 MeOH, 8 EtOH (I) fluoride Hg 2 F 2 439.18 8.73 570 d hydrolyses in water
3.39 (II) fluoride HgF 2 238.59 8.95 d 645 d 650 hyd aq; s HF (II) fulminate Hg(ONC) 2 284.62 4.42 explodes sl s aq; s alc; dangerously flammable (I) iodide Hg 2 I 2 654.99 7.70 290 d subl 140 i aq, alc, eth; s KI (II) iodide HgI 2 454.40 6.28 259 350 subl g/100 mL: 0.006 25 aq, 0.8 alc, 0.8 eth, 1.7 acet (I) nitrate 2-water Hg 2 (NO 3 ) 2 ·2H 2 O 561.22 4.79 70 d hyd aq; s HNO 3 (II) nitrate Hg(NO 3 ) 2 324.60 4.3 79 d v s aq; s acet (I) oxide Hg 2 O 417.18 9.8 d 100 i aq; s HNO 3 (II) oxide HgO 216.59 11.14 d 500 0.005 25 aq; s dil HCl, HNO , I , CN (I) sulfate Hg 2 SO 4 497.24 7.56 d 0.06 25 aq; s HNO 3 (II) sulfate HgSO 4 296.65 6.47 d d aq; s acid (II) sulfide (cinnabar) HgS 232.66 8.17 subl 583 : blk HgO, i aq; s aqua regia 386 (II) thiocyanate Hg(SCN) 2 316.76 3.71 d 165 0.063 25 aq; s HCl Molybdenum Mo 95.94 10.28 2622 4825 s hot H 2 SO 4 ,HNO 3 , fused KNO 3 (III) bromide MoBr 3 335.65 4.89 subl 977 d alkalis (IV) chloride MoCl 4 237.75 317 407 s conc acids (V) chloride MoCl 5 273.19 2.928 194 268 s conc acids, dry eth, dry alc (VI) fluoride MoF 6 209.93 2.54 17.6 35.0 hyd aq; s alkalis; 31 g/100 g HF hexacarbonyl Mo(CO) 6 264.00 1.96 150 d subl s bz (IV) oxide MoO 2 127.94 6.47 d 1100 i aq (VI) oxide MoO 3 143.94 26 4.696 4 801 1155 0.05 28 aq; s conc mineral acids, alk (III) sulfide Mo 2 S 3 288.07 5.91 15 1807 d 1867 d hot HNO 3 (IV) sulfide MoS 2 160.07 15 5.06 15 2375 subl 450 s aqua regia Neodymium Nd 144.24 7.01 1024 3074 s hot aq, acids chloride NdCl 3 250.60 4.134 760 1600 98 g/100 mL 20 aq; s alc oxide Nd 2 O 3 336.48 7.28 1900 s dilute acids sulfate 8-water Nd 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·8H 2 O 720.79 2.85 d 700–800 8.87 g/100 mL 20 aq Neon Ne 20.180 0.8999 g/L 0 248.67 246.05 1.05 mL 20 aq Neptunium Np 237.0482 20.2 644 3900 s HCl (IV) oxide NpO 2 269 11.1 2547 Nickel Ni 58.69 8.908 20 1453 2884 i aq; s HNO 3 acetate 4-water Ni(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ·4H 2 O 248.86 1.744 d 16 g/100 mL aq; s alc acetylace<strong>to</strong>nate Ni(C 5 H 7 O 2 ) 2 256.91 1.455 17 230 235 11atm s aq, alc, bz, chl; i eth bromide NiBr 2 218.50 5.098 963 subl 100 g/100 mL 20 aq carbonate hydroxide (1/2) NiCO 3 · 2Ni(OH) 2 304.12 2.6 s dilute acids
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
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10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
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10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
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SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
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11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
Page 1127 and 1128:
11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
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11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
Page 1177 and 1178:
11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184:
11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
Page 1185 and 1186:
11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
Page 1187 and 1188:
TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
Page 1189 and 1190:
11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
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11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
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11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
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11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
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11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
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11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
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11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
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11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
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11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
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11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
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11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
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11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
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11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
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11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
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Page 1229 and 1230:
11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
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TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
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TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
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TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
Page 1237 and 1238:
TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
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TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
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11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
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Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
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Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
Page 1247 and 1248:
Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
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Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
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Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
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Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
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Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
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Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
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Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
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Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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