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preface to fifteenth edition

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PRACTICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION 11.107<br />

TABLE 11.48<br />

Standard S<strong>to</strong>ck Solutions*<br />

Element<br />

Procedure<br />

Aluminum<br />

Antimony<br />

Arsenic<br />

Dissolve 1.000 g Al wire in minimum amount of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Dissolve 1.000 g Sb in (1) 10 ml HNO 3 plus 5 ml HCl, and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume when<br />

dissolution is complete; or (2) 18 ml HBr plus 2 ml liquid Br 2 ; when dissolution is<br />

complete add 10 ml HClO 4 , heat in a well-ventilated hood while swirling until white<br />

fumes appear and continue for several minutes <strong>to</strong> expel all HBr, then cool and dilute<br />

<strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Dissolve 1.3203 g of As 2 O 3 in 3 ml 8 M HCl and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume; or treat the oxide<br />

with 2 g NaOH and 20 ml water; after dissolution dilute <strong>to</strong> 200 ml, neutralize with<br />

HCl (pH meter), and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Barium(1) Dissolve 1.7787 g BaCl 2 ·2H 2 O (fresh crystals) in water and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. (2)<br />

Dissolve 1.516 g BaCl 2 (dried at 250C for 2 hr) in water and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. (3)<br />

Treat 1.4367 g BaCO 3 with 300 ml water, slowly add 10 ml of HCl and, after the CO 2<br />

is released by swirling, dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Beryllium(1) Dissolve 19.655 g BeSO 4 ·4H 2 O in water, add 5 ml HCl (or HNO 3 ), and dilute <strong>to</strong><br />

volume. (2) Dissolve 1.000 g Be in 25 ml 2 M HCl, then dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Bismuth<br />

Boron<br />

Bromine<br />

Cadmium<br />

Dissolve 1.000 g Bi in 8 ml of 10 M HNO 3 , boil gently <strong>to</strong> expel brown fumes, and<br />

dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Dissolve 5.720 g fresh crystals of H 3 BO 3 and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Dissolve 1.489 g KBr (or 1.288 g NaBr) in water and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

(1) Dissolve 1.000 g Cd in 10 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. (2) Dissolve 2.282 g<br />

3CdSO 4 ·8H 2 O in water; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

CalciumPlace 2.4973 g CaCO 3 in volumetric flask with 300 ml water, carefully add 10 ml HCl;<br />

after CO 2 is released by swirling, dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Cerium(1) Dissolve 4.515 g (NH 4 ) 4 Ce(SO 4 ) 4 ·2H 2 O in 500 ml water <strong>to</strong> which 30 ml H 2 SO 4<br />

had been added, cool, and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. Advisable <strong>to</strong> standardize against As 2 O 3 .<br />

(2) Dissolve 3.913 g (NH 4 ) 2 Ce(NO 3 ) 6 in 10 ml H 2 SO 4 , stir 2 min, cautiously introduce<br />

15 ml water and again stir 2 min. Repeat addition of water and stirring until all the<br />

salt has dissolved, then dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Cesium<br />

Chlorine<br />

Chromium<br />

Cobalt<br />

Copper<br />

Dissolve 1.267 g CsCl and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. Standardize: Pipette 25 ml of final solution<br />

<strong>to</strong> Pt dish, add 1 drop H 2 SO 4 , evaporate <strong>to</strong> dryness, and heat <strong>to</strong> constant weight at<br />

800C. Cs (in g/ml) (40)(0.734)(wt of residue)<br />

Dissolve 1.648 g NaCl and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

(1) Dissolve 2.829 g K 2 Cr 2 O 7 in water and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. (2) Dissolve 1.000 g Cr in<br />

10 ml HCl, and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Dissolve 1.000 g Co in 10 ml of 2 M HCl, and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

(1) Dissolve 3.929 g fresh crystals of CuSO 4 ·5H 2 O, and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume. (2) Dissolve<br />

1.000 g Cu in 10 ml HCl plus 5 ml water <strong>to</strong> which HNO 3 (or 30%H 2 O 2 ) is added<br />

dropwise until dissolution is complete. Boil <strong>to</strong> expel oxides of nitrogen and chlorine,<br />

then dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

DysprosiumDissolve 1.1477 g Dy 2 O 3 in 50 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

ErbiumDissolve 1.1436 g Er 2 O 3 in 50 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

EuropiumDissolve 1.1579 g Eu 2 O 3 in 50 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Fluorine<br />

Dissolve 2.210 g NaF in water and dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

GadoliniumDissolve 1.152 g Gd 2 O 3 in 50 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

GalliumDissolve 1.000 g Ga in 50 ml of 2 M HCl; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

Germanium Dissolve 1.4408 g GeO 2 with 50 g oxalic acid in 100 ml of water; dilute <strong>to</strong> volume.<br />

* 1000 g/mL as the element in a final volume of 1 liter unless stated otherwise.<br />

From J. A. Dean and T. C. Rains, “Standard Solutions for Flame Spectrometry,” in Flame Emission and A<strong>to</strong>mic Absorption<br />

Spectrometry, J. A. Dean and T. C. Rains (Eds.), Vol. 2, Chap. 13, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1971.

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