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preface to fifteenth edition

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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM 8.137<br />

TABLE 8.27<br />

Potentials of the Elements and Their Compounds at 25C (Continued)<br />

Half-reaction<br />

Standard<br />

or formal<br />

potential<br />

Solution<br />

composition<br />

Ytterbium<br />

Yb 3 e Yb 2 1.05<br />

Yb 2 2e Yb 2.8<br />

Yb 3 3e Yb 2.22<br />

Yttrium<br />

Y 3 3e Y 2.37<br />

Zinc<br />

Zn 2 2e Zn 0.7626<br />

Zn(NH 3) 4 2 2e Zn 4NH 3<br />

1.04<br />

Zn(CN) 2 2e Zn 4CN <br />

4 1.34<br />

Zn(tartrate) 6 2e Zn 4(tartrate) 2<br />

4 1.15<br />

Zn(OH) 2 2e Zn 4OH <br />

4 1.285<br />

Zirconium<br />

Zr 4 4e Zr 1.55<br />

ZrO 2 4H 4e Zr 2H 2 O 1.45<br />

TABLE 8.28<br />

Potentials of Selected Half-Reactions at 25C<br />

A summary of oxidation-reduction half-reactions arranged in order of decreasing oxidation strength and useful<br />

for selecting reagent systems.<br />

Half-reaction<br />

E, volts<br />

F 2 (g) 2H 2e 2HF 3.053<br />

O 3 H 2 O 2e O 2 2OH 1.246<br />

O 3 2H 2e O 2 H 2 O 2.075<br />

Ag 2 e Ag 1.980<br />

2 2<br />

SO 2 8 2e 2SO4 1.96<br />

HN 3 3H 2e <br />

NH4 N2 1.96<br />

H 2 O 2 2H 2e 2H 2 O 1.763<br />

Ce 4 e Ce 3 1.72<br />

<br />

MnO 4H 3e 4 MnO 2 (c) 2H 2 O<br />

1.70<br />

2HClO 2H 2e Cl 2 H 2 O 1.630<br />

2HBrO 2H 2e Br 2 H 2 O 1.604<br />

<br />

HIO 5 6 H 2e IO3 3H2O<br />

1.603<br />

NiO 2 4H 2e Ni 2 2H 2 O 1.593<br />

Bi 2 O 4 (bismuthate) 4H 2e 2BiO 2H 2 O 1.59<br />

2<br />

MnO4 8H 5e Mn 4H2O<br />

1.51<br />

<br />

2BrO3 12H 10e Br2 6H2O<br />

1.478<br />

PbO 2 4H 2e Pb 2 2H 2 O 1.468<br />

Cr O 2 14H 6e 2Cr 3 2 7 7H 2 O<br />

1.36<br />

Cl 2 2e 2Cl 1.3583<br />

2HNO 2 4H 4e N 2 O 3H 2 O 1.297<br />

<br />

NH 2 5 3H 2e 2NH4 1.275<br />

MnO 2 4H 2e Mn 2 2H 2 O 1.23<br />

O 2 4H 4e 2H 2 O 1.229<br />

<br />

ClO4 2H 2e ClO3 HO 2 1.201

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