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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds (Continued) Name Formula Formula weight Density Melting point, C Boiling point, C Solubility in 100 parts solvent 3.44 Potassium (continued) hydrogen difluoride KHF 78.10 2.37 238.80 d 477 39 g/100 mL 20 aq; s alc hydrogen phosphate K 2 HPO 4 174.18 d to K 2 P 2 O 7 150 g/100 mL aq hydrogen phthalate KHC 8 H 4 O 4 204.22 1.636 d 8.3 g/100 mL aq; sl s alc hydrogen sulfate KHSO 4 136.17 2.24 197 d to K 2 S 2 O 7 48 g/100 mL 20 aq hydrogen sulfide KHS72.17 1.70 455 s aq, alc hydrogen tartrate KHC 4 H 4 O 6 188.18 1.956 0.5 20 aq; s acids; v sl s alc hydroxide KOH 56.11 2.044 406 1323 g/100 mL: 112 20 aq, 33 alc, 40 glyc iodate KIO 3 214.00 3.89 560 d 8.1 g/100 mL 20 aq; i alc iodide KI 166.00 3.12 681 1345 g/100 mL: 144 20 aq, 4.5 alc, 50 glyc manganate(VI) K 2 MnO 4 197.13 190 d s aq; stable in KOH molybdate(VI) K 2 MoO 4 238.14 2.3 919 d 1400 160 g/100 mL aq nitrate KNO 3 101.10 2.11 333 d 400 g/100 mL: 32 20 aq, 0.16 alc, s glyc nitrite KNO 2 85.10 1.915 441 d 350 306 g/100 mL 20 aq; sl s alc oxalate hydrate K 2 C 2 O 4 ·H 2 O 184.23 2.13 anhyd 160 d to K 2 CO 3 36 g/100 mL 20 aq oxide K 2 O 94.20 2.35 350 d d aq to KOH, s alc oxobisoxalatodiaquatitanate(IV) K 2 [TiO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] 354.18 v s aq perchlorate KClO 4 138.55 2.52 d 400 2.04 25 aq; 0.0036 25 BuOH; 0.0013 EtOAc periodate KIO 4 230.010 3.618 582 0.42 20 aq, sl s KOH permanganate KMnO 4 158.03 2.7 d 240 : O 2 6.34 g/100 mL 20 aq; d HCl peroxide K 2 O 2 110.20 490 d aq peroxodicarbonate hydrate K 2 C 2 O 6 ·H 2 O 216.24 6.5 g/100 mL aq; d hot aq peroxodisulfate K 2 S 2 O 8 270.32 2.48 d 100 2.5 g/100 mL 20 aq; i alc perrhenate KReO 4 289.30 4.38 555 1370 0.99 20 aq phenolsulfonate hydrate KC 6 H 4 (OH)SO 3 ·H 2 O 240.28 1.87 s aq, alc phosphate K 3 PO 4 212.27 17 2.564 4 1340 50.8 g/100 mL 20 aq; i alc selenocyanate KSeCN 144.08 d 100 s aq silicate(2) K 2 SiO 3 154.29 976 s aq sodium hexanitritocobaltate(III) hydrate K 2 Na[Co(NO 2 ) 6 ]·H 2 O 454.18 1.633 d 135 0.07 aq
3.45 sodium tartrate 4-water KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 ·4H 2 O 282.23 1.790 70–80 anhyd 130–140 54 g/100 mL 15 aq sorbate KC 6 H 7 O 2 150.22 25 1.363 20 d 270 g/100 mL: 58.2 20 aq, 6.5 alc stannate(IV) 3-water K 2 SnO 3 ·3H 2 O 298.94 3.197 anhyd 140 100 g/100 mL 20 aq; i alc stearate KOOCC 17 H 35 322.57 readily soluble hot aq or alc sulfate K 2 SO 4 174.26 2.66 1069 1670 g/100 mL: 11 20 aq, 1.3 glyc, i alc sulfide K 2 S110.26 1.74 948 sulfite 2-water K 2 SO 3 ·2H 2 O 194.29 d 28.6 g/100 mL 20 aq tartrate hemihydrate K 2 C 4 H 4 O 6 · 0.5H 2 O 235.28 1.98 anhyd 155 d 200 138 g/100 mL 20 aq tellurate(IV) K 2 TeO 3 253.79 s aq tetrachloroaurate(III) K[AuCl 4 ] 377.88 3.75 d 357 61.8 g/100 mL 20 aq tetrafluoroborate K[BF 4 ] 125.90 20 2.505 4 530 0.45 20 aq tetrahydridoborate K[BH 4 ] 53.94 1.11 d 497 g/100 mL: 21 25 aq, 3.5 20 MeOH tetraiodocadmate 2-water K 4 [CdI 4 ]·2H 2 O 698.21 21 3.359 4 g/100 mL: 137 15 aq, 71 15 alc, 4 eth tetraiodomercurate(II) K 2 [HgI 4 ] 786.48 v s aq; s alc, acet, eth thiocyanate KSCN 97.18 1.89 173 d 500 g/100 mL: 217 20 aq, 200 acet, 8 alc thiosulfate K 2 S 2 O 3 190.33 d 400 155 g/100 mL 20 aq; i alc trihydrogen bisoxalate KH 3 (C 2 O 4 )·2H 2 O 254.20 1.836 d 1.8 aq 2-water trisoxalatoantimonate(III) K 3 [Sb(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 503.12 a aq trithiocarbonate K 2 CS 3 186.41 d v s aq uranyl(VI) acetate hydrate K(UO 2 )(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 ·H 2 O 504.28 3.296 15 anhyd 275 s aq Praseodymium Pr 140.9077 6.475 -form 935 3520 s hot water and acids chloride PrCl 3 247.27 4.0 769 to 782 1710 104 g/100 mL 13 aq; s alc (III) oxide Pr 2 O 3 329.81 7.07 oxidizes to i aq; s acids Pr 6 O 11 (IV) PrO 2 172.91 6.82 tr 350 to Pr 6 O 11 Promethium-147 Pm 146.915 7.22 1080 3000 est bromide PmBr 3 386.7 5.38 727 1667 s aq chloride PmCl 3 153.4 737 1670 s aq Protoactinium Pa 231.0359 15.37 1568(8) 4227 (IV) chloride PaCl 4 372.85 4.72 subl 400 i aq; s HCl (V) chloride PaCl 5 408.31 3.74 301 420 hyd aq; s THF, CH 3 CN Radium Ra 226.03 5.5 700.1 1737 d aq; s acids bromide RaBr 2 385.88 5.79 728 subl 900 s aq chloride RaCl 2 296.93 4.91 1000 s aq Radon Rn 222.0 9.73 g/L 71 62 23 mL/100 mL 20 aq; s org solv
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
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10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
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10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
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SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
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11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
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11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
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11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
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11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184:
11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
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11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
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TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
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11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
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11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
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11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
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11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
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11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
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11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
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11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
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11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
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11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
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11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
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11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
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11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
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11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
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11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
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Page 1229 and 1230:
11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
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TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
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TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
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TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
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TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
Page 1239 and 1240:
TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
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11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
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Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
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Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
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Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
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Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
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Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
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Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
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Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
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Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
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Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
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Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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