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preface to fifteenth edition

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8.120 SECTION 8<br />

TABLE 8.25<br />

Fluorescent Indica<strong>to</strong>rs<br />

Name<br />

pH Range<br />

Color Change<br />

Acid <strong>to</strong> Base<br />

Indica<strong>to</strong>r<br />

Solution<br />

Benzoflavine 0.3 <strong>to</strong> 1.7 Yellow <strong>to</strong> green 1<br />

3,6-Dihydroxyphthalimide 0 <strong>to</strong> 2.4 Blue <strong>to</strong> green 1<br />

6.0 <strong>to</strong> 8.0 Green <strong>to</strong> yellow/green<br />

Eosin (tetrabromofluorescein) 0 <strong>to</strong> 3.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> green 4, 1%<br />

4-Ethoxyacridone 1.2 <strong>to</strong> 3.2 Green <strong>to</strong> blue 1<br />

3,6-Tetramethyldiaminoxanthone 1.2 <strong>to</strong> 3.4 Green <strong>to</strong> blue 1<br />

Esculin 1.5 <strong>to</strong> 2.0 Weak blue <strong>to</strong> strong blue<br />

Anthranilic acid 1.5 <strong>to</strong> 3.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> light blue 2 (50% ethanol)<br />

4.5 <strong>to</strong> 6.0 Light blue <strong>to</strong> dark blue<br />

12.5 <strong>to</strong> 14 Dark blue <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

3-Amino-1-naphthoic acid 1.5 <strong>to</strong> 3.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> green 2 (as sulfate<br />

4.0 <strong>to</strong> 6.0 Green <strong>to</strong> blue in 50% ethanol)<br />

11.6 <strong>to</strong> 13.0 Blue <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

1-Naphthylamino-6-sulfonamide 1.9 <strong>to</strong> 3.9 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> green 3<br />

(also the 1-, 7-) 9.6 <strong>to</strong> 13.0 Green <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

2-Naphthylamino-6-sulfonamide 1.9 <strong>to</strong> 3.9 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> dark blue 3<br />

(also the 2-, 8-) 9.6 <strong>to</strong> 13.0 Dark blue <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

1-Naphthylamino-5-sulfonamide 2.0 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> yellow/orange 3<br />

9.5 <strong>to</strong> 13.0 Yellow/orange <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

1-Naphthoic acid 2.5 <strong>to</strong> 3.5 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> blue 4<br />

Salicylic acid 2.5 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> dark blue 4 (0.5%)<br />

Phloxin BA extra<br />

2.5 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> dark blue 2<br />

(tetrachlorotetrabromofluorescein)<br />

Erythrosin B (tetraiodofluorescein) 2.5 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> light green 4 (0.2%)<br />

2-Naphthylamine 2.8 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> violet 1<br />

Magdala red 3.0 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> purple<br />

p-Aminophenylbenzenesulfonamide 3.0 <strong>to</strong> 4.0 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> light blue 3<br />

2-Hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid 3.0 <strong>to</strong> 6.8 Blue <strong>to</strong> green 4 (0.1%)<br />

Chromotropic acid 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> light blue 4 (5%)<br />

1-Naphthionic acid 3 <strong>to</strong> 4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> blue 4<br />

10 <strong>to</strong> 12 Blue <strong>to</strong> yellow-green<br />

1-Naphthylamine 3.4 <strong>to</strong> 4.8 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> blue 1<br />

5-Aminosalicylic acid 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> light green 1 (0.2% fresh)<br />

Quinine 3.0 <strong>to</strong> 5.0 Blue <strong>to</strong> weak violet 1 (0.1%)<br />

9.5 <strong>to</strong> 10.0 Weak violet <strong>to</strong> non-fl<br />

o-Methoxybenzaldehyde 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> green 4 (0.2%)<br />

o-Phenylenediamine 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Green <strong>to</strong> non-fl 5<br />

p-Phenylenediamine 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> orange/yellow 5<br />

Morin (2,4,3,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> green 6 (0.2%)<br />

8 <strong>to</strong> 9.8 Green <strong>to</strong> yellow/green<br />

Thioflavine S 3.1 <strong>to</strong> 4.4 Dark blue <strong>to</strong> light blue 6 (0.2%)<br />

Fluorescein 4.0 <strong>to</strong> 4.5 Pink/green <strong>to</strong> green 4 (1%)<br />

Dichlorofluorescein 4.0 <strong>to</strong> 6.6 Blue green <strong>to</strong> green 1<br />

-Methylesculetin 4.0 <strong>to</strong> 6.2 Non-fl <strong>to</strong> blue 1<br />

9.0 <strong>to</strong> 10.0 Blue <strong>to</strong> light green<br />

Quininic acid 4.0 <strong>to</strong> 5.0 Yellow <strong>to</strong> blue 6 (satd)<br />

-Naphthoquinoline 4.4 <strong>to</strong> 6.3 Blue <strong>to</strong> non-fl 3<br />

Resorufin (7-oxyphenoxazone) 4.4 <strong>to</strong> 6.4 Yellow <strong>to</strong> orange<br />

Indica<strong>to</strong>r solutions: 1, 1% solution in ethanol; 2, 0.1% solution in ethanol; 3, 0.05% solution in 90% ethanol; 4, sodium or<br />

potassium salt in distilled water; 5, 0.2% solution in 70% ethanol; 6, distilled water.<br />

Reference: G.F. Kirkbright, “Fluorescent Indica<strong>to</strong>rs,” Chap. 9 in Indica<strong>to</strong>rs, E. Bishop (ed.), Pergamon Press, Oxford,<br />

1972.

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