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preface to fifteenth edition

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5.58 SECTION 5<br />

TABLE 5.11 Binary Azeotropic (Constant-Boiling) Mixtures<br />

An azeotrope is a mixture that cannot be separated by distillation.<br />

A. Binary azeotropes containing water<br />

Composition,wt %<br />

System<br />

BP of azeotrope,<br />

C<br />

Water<br />

Other<br />

component<br />

Inorganic acids<br />

Hydrogen bromide 126 52.5 47.5<br />

Hydrogen chloride 108.58 79.78 20.22<br />

Hydrogen fluoride 111.35 64.4 35.6<br />

Hydrogen iodide 127 43 57<br />

Hydrogen peroxide<br />

zeotrope<br />

Nitric acid 120.7 32.6 67.4<br />

Perchloric acid 203 28.4 71.6<br />

Organic acids<br />

Formic acid 107.2 22.6 77.4<br />

Acetic acid<br />

zeotrope<br />

Propionic acid 99.9 82.3 17.7<br />

Isobutyric acid 99.3 79 21<br />

Butyric acid 99.4 81.6 18.4<br />

Pentanoic acid 99.8 89 11<br />

Isopentanoic acid 99.5 81.6 18.4<br />

Perfluorobutyric acid 97 71 29<br />

Cro<strong>to</strong>nic acid 99.9 97.8 2.2<br />

Alcohols<br />

Ethanol 78.17 4 96<br />

Allyl alcohol 88.9 27.7 72.3<br />

1-Propanol 71.7 71.7 28.3<br />

2-Propanol 80.3 12.6 87.4<br />

1-Butanol 92.7 42.5 57.5<br />

2-Butanol 87.0 26.8 73.2<br />

2-Methyl-2-propanol 79.9 11.7 88.3<br />

1-Pentanol 95.8 54.4 45.6<br />

2-Pentanol 91.7 36.5 63.5<br />

3-Pentanol 91.7 36.0 64.0<br />

2,2-Dimethyl-2-propanol 87.35 27.5 72.5<br />

1-Hexanol 97.8 67.2 32.8<br />

1-Octanol 99.4 90 10<br />

Cyclopentanol 96.25 58 42<br />

1-Heptanol 98.7 83 17<br />

Phenol 99.52 90.8 9.2<br />

2-Methoxyphenol 99.5 87.5 12.5<br />

1-Phenylphenol 99.95 98.75 1.25<br />

Benzyl alcohol 99.9 91 9<br />

2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butanediol<br />

zeotrope<br />

Furfuryl alcohol 98.5 80 20

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