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preface to fifteenth edition

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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99<br />

TABLE 7.48<br />

Solvent Positions of Residual Pro<strong>to</strong>ns in IncompletelyDeuterated Solvents (Continued)<br />

Pyridine-d 5<br />

Toluene-d 8<br />

Solvent Group , ppm<br />

C-2 Methine<br />

C-3 Methine<br />

C-4 Methine<br />

Methyl<br />

Methine<br />

8.5<br />

7.0<br />

7.35<br />

2.3<br />

7.2<br />

Trifluoroacetic acid-d 1 Hydroxyl 11.3*<br />

* These values mayvarygreatly, depending upon the solute and its concentration.<br />

TABLE 7.49 Carbon-13 Chemical Shifts<br />

Values given in ppmon the scale, relative <strong>to</strong> tetramethylsilane.<br />

Substituent group<br />

Primary<br />

carbon<br />

Secondary<br />

carbon<br />

Tertiary<br />

carbon<br />

Quaternary<br />

carbon<br />

Alkanes<br />

C9C<br />

C9O<br />

C9N<br />

C9S<br />

C9halide (I <strong>to</strong> Cl)<br />

5–30<br />

45–60<br />

13–45<br />

10–30<br />

3–25<br />

25–45<br />

42–71<br />

44–58<br />

22–42<br />

3–40<br />

23–58<br />

62–78<br />

50–70<br />

55–67<br />

34–58<br />

28–50<br />

73–86<br />

60–75<br />

53–62<br />

35–75<br />

Substituent group , ppm Substituent group , ppm<br />

Cyclopropane 5–5<br />

Cycloalkane C 4 –C 10 5–25<br />

Mercaptanes 5–70<br />

Amines:<br />

R 2 N9C<br />

Aryl9N<br />

20–70<br />

128–138<br />

Sulfoxides, sulfones 35–55<br />

Alcohols R9OH 45–87<br />

Ethers R9O9R 57–87<br />

Nitro R9NO 2 60–78<br />

Alkynes:<br />

HC#CR<br />

RC#CR<br />

63–73<br />

72–95<br />

Acetals, ketals 88–112<br />

Thiocyanates R9SCN 96–118<br />

Alkenes:<br />

H 2 C"<br />

R 2 C"<br />

100–122<br />

110–150<br />

Heteroaromatics:<br />

C"N<br />

100–152<br />

C <br />

142–160<br />

Cyanates R9OCN 105–120<br />

Isocyanates R9NCO 115–135<br />

Isothiocyanates R9NCS 115–142<br />

Nitriles, cyanides 117–124<br />

Aromatics:<br />

Aryl-C<br />

Aryl-P<br />

Aryl-N<br />

Aryl-O<br />

125–145<br />

119–128<br />

128–138<br />

133–152<br />

Azomethines 145–162<br />

Carbonates 159–162<br />

Ureas 150–170<br />

Anhydrides 150–175<br />

Amides 154–178<br />

Oximes 155–165<br />

Esters:<br />

Saturated<br />

,-Unsaturated<br />

158–165<br />

165–176<br />

Isocyanides R9NC 162–175<br />

Carboxylic acids:<br />

Nonconjugated<br />

Conjugated<br />

Salts (anion)<br />

Ke<strong>to</strong>nes:<br />

-Halo<br />

Nonconjugated<br />

,-Unsaturated<br />

162–165<br />

165–184<br />

175–195<br />

160–200<br />

192–202<br />

202–220<br />

Imides 165–180<br />

Acyl chlorides R9CO9Cl 165–183

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