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preface to fifteenth edition

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1.26 SECTION 1<br />

Bivalent radicals of the form O9Y9O arenamed by adding -dioxy <strong>to</strong> thenameof thebivalent<br />

radicals except when forming part of a ring system. Examples are 9O9CH 2 9O9 (methylenedioxy),<br />

9O9CO9O9 (carbonyldioxy), and 9O9SO 2 9O9 (sulfonyldioxy). Anions derived<br />

from alcohols or phenols are named by changing the final -ol <strong>to</strong> -olate.<br />

Salts composed of an anion, RO9, and a cation, usually a metal, can be named by citing first<br />

the cation and then the RO anion (with its ending changed <strong>to</strong> -yl oxide), e.g., sodium benzyl oxide<br />

for C 6 H 5 CH 2 ONa. However, when the radical has an abbreviated name, such as methoxy, the ending<br />

-oxy is changed <strong>to</strong> -oxide. For example, CH 3 ONa is named sodium methoxide (not sodium methylate).<br />

1.1.3.5 Aldehydes. When the group 9C("O)H, usually written 9CHO, is attached <strong>to</strong> carbon<br />

at one (or both) end(s) of a linear acyclic chain the name is formed by adding the suffix -al (or<br />

-dial) <strong>to</strong> thenameof thehydrocarbon containing thesamenumber of carbon a<strong>to</strong>ms. Examples are<br />

butanal for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CHO and propanedial for, OHCCH 2 CHO.<br />

Naming an acyclic polyaldehyde can be handled in two ways. First, when more than two aldehyde<br />

groups are attached <strong>to</strong> an unbranched chain, the proper affix is added <strong>to</strong> -carbaldehyde, which<br />

becomes the suffix <strong>to</strong> the name of the longest chain carrying the maximum number of aldehyde<br />

groups. Thenameand numbering of themain chain do not includethecarbon a<strong>to</strong>ms of thealdehyde<br />

groups. Second, thenameis formed by adding theprefix formyl- <strong>to</strong> thenameof the-dial that<br />

incorporates the principal chain. Any other chains carrying aldehyde groups are named by the use<br />

of formylalkyl- prefixes. Examples are<br />

(1) 1,2,5-Pentanetricarbaldehyde<br />

(2) 3-Formylheptanedial<br />

(1) 4-(2-Formylethyl)-3-(formylmethyl)-1,2,7-heptanetricarbaldehyde<br />

(2) 3-Formyl-5-(2-formylethyl)-4-(formylmethyl)nonanedial<br />

When the aldehyde group is directly attached <strong>to</strong> a carbon a<strong>to</strong>m of a ring system, the suffix<br />

-carbaldehyde is added <strong>to</strong> the name of the ring system, e.g., 2-naphthalenecarbaldehyde. When the<br />

aldehyde group is separated from the ring by a chain of carbon a<strong>to</strong>ms, the compound is named<br />

(1) as a derivative of the acyclic system or (2) by conjunctive nomenclature, for example,<br />

(1) (2-naphthyl)propionaldehyde or (2) 2-naphthalenepropionaldehyde.<br />

An aldehyde group is denoted by the prefix formyl- when it is attached <strong>to</strong> a nitrogen a<strong>to</strong>m in a<br />

ring system or when a group having priority for citation as principal group is present and part of a<br />

cyclic system.<br />

When the corresponding monobasic acid has a trivial name, the name of the aldehyde may be<br />

formed by changing the ending -ic acid or -oic acid <strong>to</strong> -aldehyde. Examples are<br />

Formaldehyde<br />

Acetaldehyde<br />

Propionaldehyde<br />

Butyraldehyde<br />

Acrylaldehyde (not acrolein)<br />

Benzaldehyde<br />

Cinnamaldehyde<br />

2-Furaldehyde (not furfural)

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