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preface to fifteenth edition

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3.5<br />

3.1.2.7 Allotropes. Systematic names for gaseous and liquid modifications of elements are sometimes<br />

needed. Allotropic modifications of an element bear the name of the a<strong>to</strong>m <strong>to</strong>gether with the<br />

descrip<strong>to</strong>r <strong>to</strong> specify the modification. The following are a few common examples:<br />

Symbol Trivial name Systematic name<br />

H A<strong>to</strong>mic hydrogen Monohydrogen<br />

O 2 (Common oxygen)Dioxygen<br />

O 3 Ozone Trioxygen<br />

P 4 White phosphorus Tetraphosphorus<br />

S 8 -Sulfur, -Sulfur Octasulfur<br />

S n -Sulfur (plastic sulfur)Polysulfur<br />

Trivial (cus<strong>to</strong>mary)names are used for the amorphous modification of an element.<br />

3.1.2.8 Heteroa<strong>to</strong>mic and Other Anions. A few heteroa<strong>to</strong>mic anions have names ending in -ide.<br />

These are<br />

9OH, hydroxide ion (not hydroxyl)<br />

9CN, cyanide ion<br />

<br />

9 HF 2 , hydrogen difluoride ion<br />

9NH 2 , amide ion<br />

9NH9, imide ion<br />

9NH9NH 2 , hydrazide ion<br />

9NHOH, hydroxylamide ion<br />

9HS , hydrogen sulfide ion<br />

Added <strong>to</strong> these anions are<br />

<br />

9 I 3 , triiodide ion<br />

9N 3 , azide ion<br />

9O 3 , ozonide ion<br />

9O9O9, peroxide ion<br />

9S9S9, disulfide ion<br />

3.1.2.9 Binary Compounds of Hydrogen. Binary compounds of hydrogen with the more electropositive<br />

elements are designated hydrides (NaH, sodium hydride).<br />

Volatile hydrides, except those of Periodic Group VII and of oxygen and nitrogen, are named<br />

by citing the root name of the element (penultimate consonant and Latin affixes, Sec. 3.1.2.2)<br />

followed by the suffix -ane. Exceptions are water, ammonia, hydrazine, phosphine, arsine, stibine,<br />

and bismuthine.<br />

Examples: B 2 H 6 , diborane; B 10 H 14 , decaborane(14); B 10 H 16 , decaborane(16); P 2 H 4 , diphosphane;<br />

Sn 2 H 6 , distannane; H 2 Se 2 , diselane; H 2 Te 2 , ditellane; H 2 S 5 , pentasulfane; and PbH 4 , plumbane.<br />

3.1.2.10 Neutral Radicals. Certain neutral radicals have special names ending in -yl:<br />

HO hydroxyl ClO 3 perchloryl*<br />

CO carbonyl CrO 2 chromyl<br />

ClO chlorosyl* NO nitrosyl<br />

ClO 2 chloryl* NO 2 nitryl (nitroyl)<br />

* Similarly for the other halogens.

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