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PRACTICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION 11.129 TABLE 11.49 TLV Concentration Limits for Gases and Vapors (Continued) Maximum allowable exposure Substance ppm mg · m 3 Toxicity Tetrabromomethane 0.1 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane 500 4170 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane 500 4170 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1 6.9 carcinogen Tetrachloroethylene 25 170 carcinogen Tetrachloromethane 5 31 carcinogen 1,2,3,4-Tetrachloronaphthalene 2 Tetraethyllead (as Pb) 0.100 Tetrafluoromethane low toxicity Tetrahydrofuran 200 590 Tetramethyllead (as Pb) 0.150 Tetramethylsuccinonitrile 0.5 3 Tetranitromethane 1 8 Thionyl chloride 1 Thiram 5 Toluene 50 188 Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate 0.02 0.14 o-Toluidine (also m-, p-) 2 8.8 Tribromomethane 0.5 5.2 Tributyl phosphate 0.2 2.2 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 5 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 350 1910 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 10 55 carcinogen Trichloroethylene 50 270 carcinogen Trichlorofluoromethane 1000 5600 Trichloromethane 10 49 carcinogen 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 10 60 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 1000 Tri-o-cresol phosphate (also m-, p-) 0.1 Triethanolamine 0.5 Triethylamine 1 Trifluorobromomethane (Freon 13B1) 1000 6100 1,1,2-Trifluorotrichloroethane 1000 7600 Triiodomethane 0.6 Trimethylamine 5 12 highly toxic 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 25 123 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene (pseudocumene) 25 123 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene (mesitylene) 25 123 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 1.5 Triphenyl phosphate 3 Turpentine 100 560 Vinyl acetate 10 35 carcinogen Vinyl methyl ether probably anesthetic Warfarin 0.1 o-Xylene (also m-, p-) 100 434 2,3-Xylidine (also 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, 3,5-) 0.5 2.5
11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemical Some Common Reactive and Incompatible Chemicals Keep out of contact with Acetic acid Acetylene Alkali metals Aluminum Ammonia, anhydrous Ammonium nitrate Ammonium perchlorate Aniline Benzoyl peroxide Bromine Calcium carbide Carbon, activated Chlorates Chlorine Chlorine dioxide Chlorites Chloroform Chlorosulfonic acid Chromic(VI) acid Cobalt Copper Chromium(VI) oxide, chlorosulfonic acid, ethylene glycol, ethyleneimine, hydroxyl compounds, nitric acid, oleum, perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates, potasssium tert-butoxide, PCl 3 Bromine, chlorine, brass, copper and copper salts, fluorine, mercury and mercury salts, nitric acid, silver and silver salts, alkali hydrides, potassium metal Moisture, acetylene, metal halides, ammonium salts, oxygen and oxidizing agents, halogens, carbon tetrachloride, carbon, carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, chloroform, chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethylene oxide, boric acid, sulfur, tellurium Chlorinated hydrocarbons, halogens, steam Mercury, halogens, hypochlorites, chlorites, chlorine(I) oxide, hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous), hydrogen peroxide, chromium(VI) oxide, nitrogen dioxide, chromyl(VI) chloride, sulfinyl chloride, magnesium perchlorate, peroxodisulfates, phosphorus pentoxide, acetaldehyde, ethylene oxide, acrolein, gold(III) chloride Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials, perchlorates, urea Hot copper tubing, sugar, finely divided organic or combustible materials, potassium periodate and permanganate, powdered metals, carbon, sulfur Nitric acid, peroxides, oxidizing materials, acetic anhydride, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ozone Direct sunlight, sparks and open flames, shock and friction, acids, alcohols, amines, ethers, reducing agents, polymerization catalysts, metallic naphthenates Ammonia, carbides, dimethylformamide, fluorine, ozone, olefins, reducing materials including many metals, phosphine, silver azide Moisture, selenium, silver nitrate, sodium peroxide, tin(II) chloride, potassium hydroxide plus chlorine, HCl gas, magnesium Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents, unsaturated oils Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, sulfur, finely divided organic or combustible materials, cyanides, metal sulfides, manganese dioxide, sulfur dioxide, organic acids Ammonia, acetylene, alcohols, alkanes, benzene, butadiene, carbon disulfide, dibutyl phthalate, ethers, fluorine, glycerol, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, sodium carbide, finely divided metals, metal acetylides and carbides, nitrogen compounds, nonmetals, nonmetal hydrides, phosphorus compounds, polychlorobiphenyl, silicones, steel, sulfides, synthetic rubber, turpentine Ammonia, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, methane, mercury, nonmetals, phosphine, phosphorus pentachloride Ammonia, organic matter, metals Aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, aluminum chloride, ethylene, powerful oxidants Saturated and unsaturated acids, acid anhydrides, nitriles, acrolein, alcohols, ammonia, esters, HCl, HF, ketones, hydrogen peroxide, metal powders, nitric acid, organic materials, water Acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, alcohols, alkali metals, ammonia, dimethylformamide, camphor, glycerol, hydrogen sulfide, phosphorus, pyridine, selenium, sulfur, turpentine, flammable liquids in general Acetylene, hydrazinium nitrate, oxidants Acetylene and alkynes, ammonium nitrate, azides, bromates, chlorates, iodates, chlorine, ethylene oxide, fluorine, peroxides, hydrogen sulfide, hydrazinium nitrate
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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TABLE 2.29 F Distribution (Continue
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2.134 SECTION 2 mathematical treatm
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2.136 SECTION 2 The confidence limi
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2.138 SECTION 2 situation where rel
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3.2 SECTION 3 The alphabetical orde
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3.4 SECTION 3 When it is required t
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3.6 SECTION 3 PO phosphoryl SeO sel
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3.8 SECTION 3 3.1.5 Acids 3.1.5.1 A
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3.10 SECTION 3 3.1.6.6 Multiplicati
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3.12 SECTION 3 3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERT
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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Ino
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3.62 SECTION 3 TABLE 3.3 Synonyms a
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SECTION 4 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADI
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4.3 Fermium Fm 100 [Rn] 5f 12 7s 2
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Silver (argentum) Ag 47 [Kr] 4d 10
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS,RADICALS,AND BO
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
Page 1078 and 1079:
10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
Page 1080 and 1081:
10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
Page 1082 and 1083:
10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
Page 1086 and 1087:
TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
Page 1088 and 1089:
TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
Page 1092:
SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
Page 1113 and 1114:
TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
Page 1123 and 1124:
11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
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11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
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11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
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11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
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11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
Page 1169 and 1170: 11.78 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
Page 1175 and 1176: 11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
Page 1177 and 1178: 11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1179 and 1180: 11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1181 and 1182: 11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184: 11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
Page 1185 and 1186: 11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
Page 1187 and 1188: TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
Page 1189 and 1190: 11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
Page 1191 and 1192: 11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
Page 1193 and 1194: 11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
Page 1195 and 1196: 11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
Page 1197 and 1198: 11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
Page 1199 and 1200: 11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
Page 1201 and 1202: 11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
Page 1203 and 1204: 11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
Page 1205 and 1206: 11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
Page 1207 and 1208: 11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
Page 1209 and 1210: 11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
Page 1211 and 1212: 11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammoniu
Page 1213 and 1214: 11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
Page 1219: 11.128 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
Page 1223 and 1224: 11.132 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
Page 1229 and 1230: 11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
Page 1231 and 1232: TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
Page 1233 and 1234: TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
Page 1235 and 1236: TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
Page 1237 and 1238: TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
Page 1239 and 1240: TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
Page 1241 and 1242: 11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
Page 1243 and 1244: Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
Page 1245 and 1246: Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
Page 1247 and 1248: Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
Page 1249 and 1250: Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
Page 1251 and 1252: Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
Page 1253 and 1254: Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
Page 1255 and 1256: Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
Page 1257 and 1258: Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
Page 1259 and 1260: Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
Page 1261 and 1262: Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
Page 1263 and 1264: Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
Page 1265 and 1266: Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
Page 1267 and 1268: Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
Page 1269 and 1270: Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
Page 1271 and 1272:
Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
Page 1273 and 1274:
Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
Page 1277 and 1278:
Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
Page 1281 and 1282:
Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
Page 1289 and 1290:
Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
Page 1291 and 1292:
Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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