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preface to fifteenth edition

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8.144 SECTION 8<br />

TABLE 8.30<br />

Half-Wave Potentialsof Inorganic Materials(Continued)<br />

Element E 1/2 , volts Solvent system<br />

Palladium<br />

2 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.31 1M pyridine plus1M KCl<br />

0.64 0.1M ethylenediamine plus1M KCl<br />

0.72 1M NH 4 Cl plus1M NH 3<br />

Potassium<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 0 2.10 0.1M (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NOH in 50% ethanol<br />

Rhenium<br />

7 <strong>to</strong> 4 0.44 2M HCl or (better) 4M HClO 4<br />

4 <strong>to</strong> 3 0.51<br />

2<br />

ReCl 6 ion in 1M HCl<br />

Rhodium<br />

3 <strong>to</strong> 2 0.41 1M pyridine plus1M KCl<br />

Rubidium<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 0 1.99 0.1M (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NOH in 50% ethanol<br />

Scandium<br />

3 <strong>to</strong> 0 1.80 0.1M LiCl, KCl, or BaCl 2<br />

Selenium<br />

4 <strong>to</strong> 2 1.44 1M NH 4 Cl plusNH 3 , pH 8.0<br />

1.54 Same system adjusted <strong>to</strong> pH 9.5<br />

2 0.49 Anodic wave at pH 0 due <strong>to</strong> HgSe<br />

0.94 Anodic wave at pH 12 (0.01M NaOH)<br />

Silver<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 0<br />

Wave starts at oxidation potential of Hg<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.3 0.0014M KAg(CN) 2 without excess cyanide<br />

Sodium<br />

1 <strong>to</strong> 0 2.07 0.1M (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NOH in 50% ethanol<br />

Strontium<br />

2 <strong>to</strong> 0 2.11 0.1M (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NI, water or 80% ethanol<br />

Sulfur<br />

SO 2 0.38 1M HNO 3 (or other strong acid); 4 <strong>to</strong> 2<br />

SO 2<br />

2 4 0.43 0.5M (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 plus1M NH 3 (anodic wave)<br />

SO 2<br />

2 3 0.15 1M strong acid; anodic mercury wave<br />

0<strong>to</strong>2 0.50 90% methanol, 9.5% pyridine, 0.5% HCl (pH 6)<br />

HS 0.76 0.1M NaOH (anodic mercury wave)<br />

Tellurium<br />

4 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.4 Citrate buffer, pH 1.6 (second of two waves)<br />

0.63 Ammoniacal buffer, pH 9.4<br />

4 <strong>to</strong> 2 1.22 0.1M NaOH<br />

2 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.72 1M HCl (true anodic reversible wave)<br />

0.08 1M NaOH (same asabove; intermediate valuesat pH 1 <strong>to</strong><br />

13)<br />

Thallium<br />

3 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.48 1M KCl, KNO 3 ,K 2 SO 4 , KOH, or NH 3<br />

Tin<br />

4 <strong>to</strong> 2 0.25; 0.52 4M NH 4 Cl 1M HCl; two waves: 4 <strong>to</strong> 2 <strong>to</strong> 0<br />

2 <strong>to</strong> 0 0.59 0.5M tartrate, pH 4.3<br />

1.22 1M NaOH (stannite ion <strong>to</strong> tin)<br />

2 <strong>to</strong> 4 0.28 0.5M Na tartrate, pH 4.3 (anodic wave)<br />

0.73 1M NaOH (stannite ion <strong>to</strong> stannate ion)

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