preface to fifteenth edition

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PRACTICAL LABORATORY INFORMATION 11.119 for the lather factor (the lather factor is that amount of standard soap solution required to produce a permanent lather in a 50-mL portion of distilled water). One milliliter of this solution after subtracting the lather factor is equivalent to 1mg of CaCO 3 .(b) Boutron-Boudet—dissolve 100 g of pure castile soap in about 2500 mL of 56% ethyl alcohol and adjust so that 2.4 mL will give a permanent lather with 40 mL of a solution containing 0.59 g Ba(NO 3 ) 2 per liter of water; 2.4 mL of this solution is equivalent to 22 French degrees or 220 parts per million of hardness (as CaCO 3 ) on a 40-mL sample of water. Sodium acetate, NaC2H3O 2· 3H2O: dissolve 1 part of the salt in 10 parts of water. Sodium acetate, acid: dissolve 100 g of sodiumacetate and 30 mL of glacial acetic acid in water and dilute to 1 liter. Sodium bismuthate (oxidation of manganese): heat 20 parts of NaOH nearly to redness in an iron or nickel crucible, and add slowly 10 parts of basic bismuth nitrate which has been previously dried. Add 2 parts of sodiumperoxide, and pour the brownish-yellow fused mass on an iron plate to cool. When cold break up in a mortar, extract with water, and collect on an asbestos filter. Sodium carbonate, Na2CO393N: 159 g per liter; one part Na 2 CO 3 , or 2.7 parts of the crystalline Na2CO 3· 10H2O in 5 parts of water. Sodium chloride, NaCl90.5N: 29gper liter. Sodium chloroplatinite, Na 2 PtCl 4 : dissolve 1 part of the salt in 12 parts of water. Sodium cobaltinitrite, Na2Co(NO 2) 690.3N: dissolve 230 g of NaNO 2 in 500 mL of water, add 160 mL of 6N acetic acid and 35 g of Co(NO 3) 2· 6H2O. Allow to stand one day, filter, and dilute the filtrate to a liter. Sodium hydrogen phosphate, Na2HPO 4· 12H2O90.5N: 60gliter. Sodium hydroxide, NaOH95N: 220 g per liter. Sodium hydroxide, alcoholic: dissolve 20 g of NaOH in alcohol and dilute to 1 liter with alcohol. Sodium hypobromite: dissolve 100 g of NaOH in 250 mL of water and add 25 mL of bromine. Sodium nitrate, NaNO390.5N: 43gper liter. Sodium nitroprusside (for sulfur detection): dissolve about 1g of sodiumnitroprusside in 10 mL of water; as the solution deteriorates on standing, only freshly prepared solutions should be used. This compound is also called sodium nitroferricyanide and has the formula Na2Fe(NO)(CN) 5 · 2H2O. Sodium polysulfide, Na 2 S x : dissolve 480 g of Na2S · 9H2O in 500 mL of water, add 40 g of NaOH and 18 g of sulfur, stir mechanically and dilute to 1 liter with water. Sodium sulfate, Na2SO490.5N: 35gper liter. Sodium sulfide, Na 2 S: saturate NaOH solution with H 2 S, then add as much NaOH as was used in the original solution. Sodium sulfite, Na SO · 7H O90.5N: 63g 2 3 2 per liter. Sodium sulfite, acid (saturated): dissolve 600 g of NaHSO 3 in water and dilute to 1 liter; for the preparation of addition compounds with aldehydes and ketones: prepare a saturated solution of sodiumcarbonate in water and saturate with sulfur dioxide. Sodium tartrate, acid, NaHC 4 H 4 O 6 : dissolve 1 part of the salt in 10 parts of water. Sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O 3· 5H2O: one part of the salt in 40 parts of water. Sonnenschein’s reagent (alkaloid detection): a nitric acid solution of ammonium molybdate is treated with phosphoric acid. The precipitate so produced is washed and boiled with aqua regia
11.120 SECTION 11 until the ammonium salt is decomposed. The solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is dissolved in 10% HNO 3 . Stannic chloride, SnCl 90.5N: 33g 4 per liter. Stannous chloride, SnCl 2· 2H2O90.5N: 56gper liter. The water should be acid with HCl and some metallic tin should be kept in the bottle. Starch solution (iodine indicator): dissolve 5gof soluble starch in cold water, pour the solution into 2 liters of water and boil for a few minutes. Keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. Starch solution (other than soluble): make a thin paste of the starch with cold water, then stir in 200 times its weight of boiling water and boil for a few minutes. A few drops of chloroform added to the solution acts as a preservative. Stoke’s reagent: dissolve 30 g of ferrous sulfate and 20 g of tartaric acid in water and dilute to 1 liter. When required for use, add strong ammonia until the precipitate first formed is dissolved. Strontium chloride, SrCl 2· 6H2O90.5N: 67gper liter. Strontium nitrate, Strontium sulfate, Sr(NO ) 90.5N: 53g 3 2 SrSO : 4 per liter. prepare a saturated solution. Sulfanilic acid (for detection of nitrites): dissolve 8gof sulfanilic acid in 1 liter of acetic acid (sp. gr. 1.04). Sulfuric acid, HSO95N: 2 4 245 g per liter, sp. gr. 1.153. Sulfurous acid, H 2 SO 3 : saturate water with sulfur dioxide. Tannic acid: dissolve 1gtannic acid in 1mLalcohol and make up to 10mLwith water. Tartaric acid, H 2 C 4 H 4 O 6 : dissolve one part of the acid in 3 parts of water; for a saturated solution dissolve 750 g of tartaric acid in water and dilute to 1 liter. Tetrabromophenol blue, tetrabromophenol-tetrabromosulfonphthalein (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 5 mL 0.02N NaOH and dilute with water to 250 mL; pH range yellow 3.0–4.6 blue. Thymol blue, thymol-sulfonphthalein (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 10.75 mL 0.02N NaOH and dilute with water to 250 mL; or dissolve 0.1 g in 20 mL warmalcohol and dilute with water to 100 mL; pH range (acid) red 1.2–2.8 yellow, and (alkaline) yellow 8.0–9.6 blue. Thymolphthalein (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 100 mL alcohol; pH range colorless 9.3–10.5 blue. Tincture of iodine (antiseptic): add 70 g of iodine and 50 g of KI to 50 mL of water; make up to 1 liter with alcohol. o-Tolidine solution (for residual chlorine in water analysis): dissolve 1gof pulverized o-tolidine, m.p. 129C., in 1 liter of dilute hydrochloric acid (100 mL conc. HCl diluted to 1 liter). Toluylene red (indicator): see neutral red. Trichloroacetic acid: dissolve 100 g of the acid in water and dilute to 1 liter. Trinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 100 mL alcohol; pH range colorless 11.5–14.0 orange. Trinitrobenzoic acid, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 100 mL water; pH range colorless 12.0–13.4 orange-red. Tropeolin D (indicator): see methyl orange. Tropeolin O, sodium2,4-dihydroxyazobenzene-4-sulfonate (indicator): dissolve 0.1 g in 100 mL water; pH range yellow 11.0–13.0 orange-brown.
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LANGE'S HANDBOOK OF CHEMISTRY John
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Grateful acknowledgment is hereby m
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION This n
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PREFACE TO FIFTEENTH EDITION ix inv
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xii PREFACE TO FOURTEENTH EDITION l
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PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION This book
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For the detailed contents of any se
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1.2 SECTION 1 is derived from the G
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1.4 SECTION 1 rather than methylide
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1.6 SECTION 1 Styrene Toluene Xylen
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1.8 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.2 Fused Polyc
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1.10 SECTION 1 1.1.1.6 Bridged Hydr
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1.12 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.4 Suffixes f
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1.14 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.5 Trivial Na
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1.16 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.6 Trivial Na
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1.18 SECTION 1 Selection of the pri
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1.20 SECTION 1 attached to one anot
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1.22 SECTION 1 When side chains of
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1.24 SECTION 1 heterocyclic structu
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1.26 SECTION 1 Bivalent radicals of
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1.28 SECTION 1 Complex linear polya
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1.30 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.11 Names of
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1.32 SECTION 1 hydroxyamino- to the
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1.34 SECTION 1 may be named (1) by
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1.36 SECTION 1 Examples are methyl
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1.38 SECTION 1 tuted acid, respecti
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1.40 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.2 Newman pr
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1.42 SECTION 1 from the ring are kn
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1.44 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.11 Two isom
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1.46 SECTION 1 Chiral Center. The c
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1.48 SECTION 1 FIGURE 1.15 Isomers
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1.50 SECTION 1 entries to bring tog
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1.52 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.13 Names and
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1.60 SECTION 1 TABLE 1.14 Empirical
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2.2 SECTION 2 2.3.6 Student’s Dis
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2.4 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.6 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.1 Fundamental
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2.8 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical an
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2.10 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.2 Physical a
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2.24 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.3 Mathematic
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2.26 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.6 Abbreviati
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2.36 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.7 Conversion
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2.54 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.8 Temperatur
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2.66 SECTION 2 2.1.1 Conversion of
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2.68 SECTION 2 Oleometer. A hydrome
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2.70 SECTION 2 Example 3. 25 1.2500
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2.72 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.74 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.9 Barometer
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2.76 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.10 Barometri
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2.78 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.80 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.12 Reduction
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2.82 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.13 Viscosity
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2.84 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.14 Conversio
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2.86 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.15 Hydromete
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2.88 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.17 Correctio
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2.90 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.18 Pressure
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2.96 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.20 Values of
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2.98 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmitt
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2.100 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.21 Transmit
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2.102 SECTION 2 2.2 MATHEMATICAL TA
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2.104 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.23 Derivati
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2.106 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.108 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.24 Integral
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2.110 SECTION 2 Regular Polygon of
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2.112 SECTION 2 A h[0.4(y y ) 1.
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2.114 SECTION 2 2.2.3.1 Signs of th
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2.116 SECTION 2 x2 x3 x4 x5 ln(1 x
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2.118 SECTION 2 2.3.2 Errors in Qua
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2.120 SECTION 2 The breadth or spre
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2.122 SECTION 2 TABLE 2.26b Areas U
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2.124 SECTION 2 The distribution of
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2.126 SECTION 2 Should there be mor
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2.128 SECTION 2 Example 10 Six samp
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2.130 SECTION 2 2.3.9 The F Statist
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TABLE 2.29 F Distribution (Continue
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2.134 SECTION 2 mathematical treatm
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2.136 SECTION 2 The confidence limi
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2.138 SECTION 2 situation where rel
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3.2 SECTION 3 The alphabetical orde
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3.4 SECTION 3 When it is required t
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3.6 SECTION 3 PO phosphoryl SeO sel
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3.8 SECTION 3 3.1.5 Acids 3.1.5.1 A
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3.10 SECTION 3 3.1.6.6 Multiplicati
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3.12 SECTION 3 3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERT
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TABLE 3.2 Physical Constants of Ino
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3.62 SECTION 3 TABLE 3.3 Synonyms a
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SECTION 4 PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADI
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4.3 Fermium Fm 100 [Rn] 5f 12 7s 2
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Silver (argentum) Ag 47 [Kr] 4d 10
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS,RADICALS,AND BO
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PROPERTIES OF ATOMS, RADICALS, AND
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SECTION 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 S
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.3 5.1 SOLUBIL
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.1 Solubility of Gases in Wa
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TABLE 5.2 Solubilities of Inorganic
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formateBa(CHO 2 ) 2 26.2 28.0 29.9
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(III) sulfateCe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·9H 2
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iodidePbI 2 0.044 0.056 0.069 0.090
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Nickel sulfateNiSO 4 ·6H 2 O (pale
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Praseodymium bromatePr(BrO 3 ) 3 55
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formate NaCHO 2 43.9 62.5 81.2 102
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Uranyl nitrate UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 98 10
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.25 TABLE 5.3
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.57 5.3 BOILIN
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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TABLE 5.12 Ternary Azeotropic Mixtu
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.83 5.4 FREEZI
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.87 5.5 DENSIT
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.89 dt Dt P
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.135 5.6.1 Ref
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.137 where the
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.139 5.7 COMBU
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Temperature, C Substance 40 20 0 20
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 5.171 This equa
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SECTION 6 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.3 6.1.1.2
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.5 A gener
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.7 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.9 TABLE 6
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THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES 6.11 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.21 TABLE
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.101 TABL
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THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 6.143 The
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SECTION 7 SPECTROSCOPY 7.1 X-RAY ME
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.3 TABLE 7.1 Waveleng
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.9 TABLE 7.3 Critical
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.11 TABLE 7.4 X-Ray E
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.13 Emission line K 1
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.15 TABLE 7.7 Analyzi
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.17 TABLE 7.8 Mass Ab
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.19 TABLE 7.9 Electro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.21 TABLE 7.11 Absorp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.23 TABLE 7.13 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.25 7.3 FLUORESCENCE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.27 TABLE 7.16 Fluore
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.29 TABLE 7.18 Detect
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.35 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.37 TABLE 7.19 Sensit
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.39 In terms of m ,
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.41 The ionization co
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.67 TABLE 7.28 Infrar
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7.69
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.71 7.6 RAMAN SPECTRO
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.73 TABLE 7.30 Raman
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.89 7.7 NUCLEAR MAGNE
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.91 TABLE 7.41 Nuclea
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.93 TABLE 7.42 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.95 TABLE 7.44 Estima
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.97 TABLE 7.46 Proton
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.99 TABLE 7.48 Solven
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.101 TABLE 7.49 Carbo
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.103 TABLE 7.51 Effec
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.107 TABLE 7.56 One-B
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.113 TABLE 7.63 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.115 TABLE 7.64 Nitro
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.117 TABLE 7.69 Fluor
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.119 TABLE 7.72 Silic
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.121 TABLE 7.73 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.123 TABLE 7.74 Phosp
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.125 when z 3 and y
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.127 Masses 19 and 31
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SPECTROSCOPY 7.129 TABLE 7.76 Conde
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SECTION 8 ELECTROLYTES, ELECTROMOTI
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ELECTROLYTES, EMF, AND CHEMICAL EQU
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.7 Proton Transfer Reactions
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TABLE 8.9 Selected Equilibrium Cons
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8.75 3-tert-Butylbenzoic acid (0) 4
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4-Hydroxyproline (1) 1.900 1C 1.850
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N-Propionylglycine (1) 3.728 3.723
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TABLE 8.14 National Bureau of Stand
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1 part 0.1% neutral red in alc. * V
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3,3-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochlor
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TABLE 8.35 Equivalent Conductivitie
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KCl 127.3 124.4 122.4 115.8 112.0 1
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NaIO 3 75.2 72.6 70.9 64.4 60.5 1
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Page 1012 and 1013:
9.2 SECTION 9 9.1 LINEAR FREE ENERG
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9.4 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.6 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.1 Hammett and
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9.8 SECTION 9 TABLE 9.3 pK a and Rh
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10.2 SECTION 10 10.4.6 Polyacrylate
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10.4 SECTION 10 10.2 ADDITIVES TO P
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10.6 SECTION 10 injection molding.
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10.8 SECTION 10 10.3 FORMULAS AND K
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10.10 SECTION 10 Key properties of
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10.12 SECTION 10 10.3.8 Fluorocarbo
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10.14 SECTION 10 10.3.11 Phenolics
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10.16 SECTION 10 The resin has the
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10.18 SECTION 10 10.3.19 Polyuretha
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10.20 SECTION 10 10.3.22 Sulfones B
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TABLE 10.2 Properties of Commercial
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10.58 SECTION 10 10.4 FORMULAS AND
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10.60 SECTION 10 10.4.8 Polychlorop
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10.62 SECTION 10 Styrene-butadiene
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10.5 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE TABLE 10.4
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10.6 GAS PERMEABILITY TABLE 10.5 Ga
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TABLE 10.5 Gas Permeability Constan
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TABLE 10.7 Constants ofFats and Oil
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TABLE 10.8 Constants ofWaxes Wax Me
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SECTION 11 PRACTICAL LABORATORY INF
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11.4 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.2 Molecula
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11.6 SECTION 11 A saturated aqueous
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11.8 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.6 Relative
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11.10 SECTION 11 11.3 BOILING POINT
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11.12 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.8 Organic
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11.14 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.9 Molecul
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11.4 SEPARATION METHODS TABLE 11.11
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11.18 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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11.20 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.12 Solven
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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TABLE 11.13 McReynolds’ Constants
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11.26 SECTION 11 11.4.1 McReynolds
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11.28 SECTION 11 11.4.2.2 Partition
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11.30 SECTION 11 FIGURE 11.2 Band a
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11.32 SECTION 11 11.4.3 Ion-Exchang
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11.34 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.36 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.16 Guide
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11.38 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.18 Relati
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11.40 SECTION 11 distribution coeff
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11.42 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.19 Gravim
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Page 1159 and 1160: 11.68 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.20 Elemen
Page 1161 and 1162: 11.70 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.22 Common
Page 1163 and 1164: 11.72 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.25 Tolera
Page 1165 and 1166: 11.74 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.26 Heatin
Page 1167 and 1168: 11.76 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.28 Titrim
Page 1175 and 1176: 11.84 SECTION 11 appears becomes le
Page 1177 and 1178: 11.86 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1179 and 1180: 11.88 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.29 Equati
Page 1181 and 1182: 11.90 SECTION 11 The more stable th
Page 1183 and 1184: 11.92 SECTION 11 11.6.6.2.5 Buffer
Page 1185 and 1186: 11.94 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.30 Standa
Page 1187 and 1188: TABLE 11.32 Properties and Applicat
Page 1189 and 1190: 11.98 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.36 Maskin
Page 1191 and 1192: 11.100 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.37 Anion
Page 1193 and 1194: 11.102 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.39 Amino
Page 1195 and 1196: 11.104 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.44 Facto
Page 1197 and 1198: 11.106 SECTION 11 11.7 LABORATORY S
Page 1199 and 1200: 11.108 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.48 Stand
Page 1201 and 1202: 11.110 SECTION 11 Alizarin yellow G
Page 1203 and 1204: 11.112 SECTION 11 Bromchlorophenol
Page 1205 and 1206: 11.114 SECTION 11 p-Ethoxychrysoidi
Page 1207 and 1208: 11.116 SECTION 11 Mercurous nitrate
Page 1209: 11.118 SECTION 11 Potassium carbona
Page 1213 and 1214: 11.122 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.49 TLV C
Page 1221 and 1222: 11.130 SECTION 11 TABLE 11.50 Chemi
Page 1229 and 1230: 11.138 SECTION 11 of water which is
Page 1231 and 1232: TABLE 11.55 Thermoelectric Values i
Page 1233 and 1234: TABLE 11.56 Type B Thermocouples: P
Page 1235 and 1236: TABLE 11.58 Type J Thermocouples: I
Page 1237 and 1238: TABLE 11.60 Type N Thermocouples: N
Page 1239 and 1240: TABLE 11.62 Type S Thermocouples: P
Page 1241 and 1242: 11.150 SECTION 11 11.11 CORRECTION
Page 1243 and 1244: Index Terms Links 2 Acid-base indic
Page 1245 and 1246: Index Terms Links 4 Alkynes, nomenc
Page 1247 and 1248: Index Terms Links 6 Aurintricarboxy
Page 1249 and 1250: Index Terms Links 8 Boron-11 chemic
Page 1251 and 1252: Index Terms Links 10 Cellulose acet
Page 1253 and 1254: Index Terms Links 12 Collective ino
Page 1255 and 1256: Index Terms Links 14 Degree Fahrenh
Page 1257 and 1258: Index Terms Links 16 Electrical res
Page 1259 and 1260: Index Terms Links 18 Equivalent wei
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Index Terms Links 20 Fluorocarbon p
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Index Terms Links 22 Halogenated hy
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Index Terms Links 24 Impact strengt
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Index Terms Links 26 Kα 1 lines, m
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Index Terms Links 28 Melmine phenol
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Index Terms Links 30 Neon-neon bond
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Index Terms Links 32 One-tailed tes
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Index Terms Links 34 Physical chemi
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Index Terms Links 36 Polyolefin the
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Index Terms Links 38 Pyridine: bina
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Index Terms Links 40 Rho values: fo
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Index Terms Links 42 Single-bond ra
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Index Terms Links 44 Stereoisomers
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Index Terms Links 46 Tension, aqueo
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Index Terms Links 48 Triethylenetet
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Index Terms Links 50 Water (Cont.)
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