Strategic Panorama 2009 - 2010 - IEEE

The Treaty of Lisbon and the common security and defence policy
the ground. The second is the economic crisis, which must not limit the
Union’s capacity for action or autonomy. Lastly, the EU must reinforce its
cooperation mechanisms with other organisations such as the UN, NATO
and the African Union (7).
It is a fact that the ESDP has progressed steadily and harmoniously. The
launching of 22 civilian and military operations over the course of these ten
years in complex scenarios gives an idea of the soundness of this initiative,
which, following the Treaty of Lisbon, has now become the Common
Security and Defence Policy. The experience gained should allow the Union
to make a qualitative leap and address shortfalls such as the lack of a
European Union military headquarters in Brussels from which to plan and
direct these operations. The headquarters should incorporate civilian and
military capabilities in accordance with the philosophy expressed by Javier
Solana of offering tailored, comprehensive solutions to security challenges.
It seems appropriate to stress that the creation of the Military Staff of
the European Union in Brussels already marked a substantial improvement
in the EU’s crisis response capabilities. Likewise, the setting up of
the Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) has given impetus to
the EU’s ability to handle civilian aspects of crisis management.
Other analysts point to comprehensive solutions such as the establishment
of a civilian and military strategic planning structure for CSDP
operations and tasks, consisting of a political and security committee, a
military committee, military personnel and a civil-military cell with a centre
of operations (8).
It is also considered necessary to progress in the EU’s relationship with
NATO in the field of crisis management. The solutions provided by the
EDSP in this field reflect an improvement on the mechanisms established
in the «Berlin Plus» arrangements, which were based on a superseded
conception of division of labour between NATO in the purely military sphere
and the EU in the field of humanitarian crisis management(9).
(7) BENTÉGEAT, HENRI. «Nous avons développé un sentiment de confiance dans
l’efficacité de la PESD». ESDP newsletter. European Security and Defence Policy 1999-
2009. October 2009.
(8) PÉREZ DE LAS HERAS, BEATRIZ and CHURRUCA MUGURUZA, CRISTINA. «Las
capacidades civiles y militares de la UE: estado de la cuestión y propuestas de cara a
la Presidencia Española 2010». Fundación Alternativas. Working Paper 41/2009. http://
www.falternativas.org/opex/documentos-opex/documentos-de-trabajo/las-capacidades-civiles-y-militares-de-la-ue-estado-de-la-cuestion-y-propuestas-de-cara-a-lapresidencia-espanola-2010
(9) ASSEMBLY OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN UNION. «The EU-NATO Berlin Plus agre-
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