Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language
Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language
Forbidden Words: Taboo and the Censoring of Language
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222 <strong>Forbidden</strong> <strong>Words</strong><br />
Of those that lawless <strong>and</strong> uncertain thought<br />
Imagine howling – ’tis too horrible!<br />
The weariest <strong>and</strong> most loa<strong>the</strong>d worldly life<br />
That age, ache, penury, <strong>and</strong> imprisonment<br />
Can lay on nature is a paradise<br />
To what we fear <strong>of</strong> death.<br />
(Shakespeare, Measure for Measure, III.i.118)<br />
Death is a fear-based taboo. There is fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> loved ones; fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
corruption <strong>and</strong> disintegration <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> body; fear <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> very finality <strong>of</strong> death;<br />
fear <strong>of</strong> what follows <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> life (few, <strong>and</strong> arguably none, have first h<strong>and</strong><br />
experience <strong>of</strong> death); fear <strong>of</strong> malevolent spirits, or <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> souls <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dead.<br />
Then, suddenly again Christopher Robin, who was still looking at <strong>the</strong> world with his<br />
chin in his h<strong>and</strong>s, called out ‘Pooh!’<br />
‘Yes?’ said Pooh.<br />
‘When I’m – when – Pooh!’<br />
‘Yes, Christopher Robin?’<br />
‘I’m not going to do Nothing any more.’<br />
‘Never again?’<br />
‘Well, not so much. They don’t let you.’<br />
Pooh waited for him to go on, but he was silent again.<br />
‘Yes, Christopher Robin?’ said Pooh helpfully.<br />
‘Pooh, when I’m – you know – when I’m not doing Nothing, will you come up here<br />
sometimes?’ . . .<br />
Still with his eyes on <strong>the</strong> world Christopher Robin put out a h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> felt for Pooh’s<br />
paw.<br />
‘Pooh,’ said Christopher Robin earnestly, ‘if I – if I’m not quite –’ he stopped <strong>and</strong><br />
tried again – ‘Pooh, whatever happens, you will underst<strong>and</strong>, won’t you?<br />
‘Underst<strong>and</strong> what?’<br />
‘Oh nothing.’ He laughed <strong>and</strong> jumped to his feet.<br />
‘Come on!’<br />
‘Where?’ said Pooh.<br />
‘Anywhere,’ said Christopher Robin. (Milne 1948: 77f)<br />
Christopher Robin cannot bring himself to speak explicitly <strong>of</strong> his own<br />
death, 43 <strong>and</strong> this is common – except perhaps among <strong>the</strong> very elderly <strong>and</strong><br />
terminally ill.<br />
Life insurance is insurance against death; death’s antonym life is utilized to<br />
put a value on <strong>the</strong> life continued. A doctor (or financial planner) may advise a<br />
terminally ill patient with <strong>the</strong> words I think it’s time you got your affairs in<br />
order – prepare for death, with all matters arranged to cause <strong>the</strong> least inconvenience<br />
to family, friends, <strong>the</strong> law, government <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> undertaker.<br />
44 Ancient Greek <strong>and</strong> Latin have exact counterparts to <strong>the</strong> English if