Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wiens04" :e0:12.:16's20":24 RFigure 7. Results of Ninetyeast Ridge earthquake study (Stein and Okal, 1978). Leftlateralstrike-slip motion occurs along the Ridge; north-south compression occurs to thewest. Note that the moments of the 1928 and 1939 earthquakes are much larger than therecent events. The mechanism of the 1928 earthquake could not be reliably determined,though the data are consistent with a mechanism similar to that of the 1939 event.
Application of Modern Techniques to Analysis of Hastorical Earthquakes 95They further estimated from seismic moment release that the slip rate along theNinetyezst Ridge was about 2 cm/yr, which is greater than on some generally recognizedplate boundaries. Moreover, no comparable oceanic “intraplate” seismicityoccurs elsewhere. (The only other known oceanic intraplate magnitude seven earthquakesoccur along passive continental margins or at sites of active volcanism likeHawaii.) The general tectonic model derived from the historical earthquakes hasbeen confirmed by studies of recent earthquakes (Bergman and Solomon, 1985; Steinet al., 1986).An equally intriguing concentration of seismicity occurs along the Chagos-LaccadiveRidge, a parallel “aseismic” ridge to the west, where normal faulting earthquakes,including a 1965-1966 swarm (Stein, 1978) and a 1983 Ms = 7.5 event(Wiens and Stein, 1984), indicate N-S extension. These studies of recent seismicityseemed to indicate that the Chagos area was an isolated region of N-S tensionaldeformation, possibly similar to other normal faulting earthquakes found elsewherein young oceanic lithosphere (Wiens and Stein, 1984; Bergman and Solomon, 1984).However, once again, the recent events are somewhat unrepresentative, as relocationof historical seismicity and analysis of the 1944 M = 7.2 thrust faulting eventdiscussed earlier (Figures 2 and 5) show that the deformation in the Chagos areaextends a considerable distance northeast of Chagos Bank and includes both thrustand normal faulting (Wiens, 1985). This finding suggests the Chagos seismicityis part of a deformation zone observed in the Central Indian Basin between theChagos-Laccadive Ridge and the Ninetyeast Ridge, which includes unusual faultingand folding (Weissel et al., 1980) and high heat flow (Geller et al., 1983). Wiens(1985) proposed that the deformation observed at Chagos Bank, the Central IndianBasin, and the Ninetyeast Ridge indicates a continuous zone of deformationstretching from the Central Indian Ridge to the Sumatra Trench.These observations provide a basis for investigating the Indian plate’s internaldeformation. Minster and Jordan (1978) noted that relative motion data in theIndian Ocean were poorly fit, as indicated by misclosure of the Indian Ocean triplejunction, which suggests deviations from the rigid plate model used. Splitting theIndian plate along the Ninetyeast Ridge improved the fit to the data, and predictedmotion in the Ninetyeast Ridge consistent with the seismological results. Stein andGordon (1984) showed that separate Indian and Australian plates were statisticallyresolved, as the improved fit to plate motion data was greater than expected purelyby chance, given that the new model has three additional parameters correspondingto the additional plate. Recent modeling (Cloetingh and Wortel, 1985) using thedistribution of forces at the boundaries of the conventionally defined Indian plate,predicts a stress field with strong similarities to the observed seismicity, includingextension in the Chagos area and large compressional stresses in the Ninetyeastarea.A recent model for Indian Ocean tectonics, which differs significantly from theconventional one, appears to explain the seismicity and plate motion data (Wienset al., 1985). The conventional model is that Australia and India are contained in asingle Indian plate divided from an Arabian plate at a discrete boundary, the OwenFracture Zone. In the new model (Figure S), motion along the nearly aseismicOwen fiacture Zone is negligible, and Arabia and India are contained within asingle Indo-Arabian plate. The Indo- Arabian plate is divided from the Australianplate by a diffuse boundary, which trends E W from the Central Indian Ridge near
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
Page 58 and 59: 44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
Page 60 and 61: 46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
Page 62 and 63: ~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
Page 64 and 65: 50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
Page 66 and 67: 52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
Page 68 and 69: 54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
Page 70 and 71: 56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
Page 72 and 73: 58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
Page 78 and 79: THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
Page 80 and 81: 66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
Page 82 and 83: 68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
Page 84 and 85: ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
Page 86 and 87: 72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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Page 94 and 95: 80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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Page 98 and 99: 84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
Page 100 and 101: 86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
Page 110 and 111: 96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
Page 114 and 115: 100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
Page 121 and 122: RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
Page 123 and 124: S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
Page 125 and 126: In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
Page 127 and 128: 1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
Page 129 and 130: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
Page 135 and 136: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
Page 139 and 140: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
Page 145 and 146: DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
Page 147 and 148: Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
Page 153 and 154: COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
Page 155 and 156: Compilation and Processing of Histo
Page 157 and 158: The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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