Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. GarciaThe first volume contains a listing of seismic events from 1589 to 1864. Thisperiod covers the years when there was yet no organized seismological service inthe archipelago. Earthquake records were in various formats, but nevertheless,informative and useful.The second volume contains data from 1865 to 1900. The year 1865 marked thebeginning of seismology in the Philippines. During this period and up to 1906,a local intensity scale of I-VI was used. It is notable that in 1884, the ManilaObservatory was subsidized by the Spanish government as the Central WeatherBureau of the Philippines, which included seismological work.The third volume covers events from 1901 to 1942. In 1901, the Manila Observatory,while continuing to function as the Weather Bureau was re-organizedunder the American Regime. From this year onward, more accurate observationswere made with the addition of better instruments. Reports were classified intoinstrumental and non-instrumental bulletins published periodically. The originalRossi-Fore1 Intensity Scale replaced the local intensity scale. Repetti revised theRossi-Fore1 to a scale of I to IX in 1934. As a consequence of the Japanese invasion,the Manila Observatory ceased its function a8 a government institution in 1942, butcontinued its operation by the Jesuits.The fourth volume covers events from 1948 to 1983. Fkom the restoration ofthe Weather Bureau after the war, information on only one earthquake was foundfor 1948. Instrumental records in other countries between 1942 and 1947, however,showed earthquakes occurred during this period.The present compilation of earthquake data cannot be considered complete.There are possibilities of finding data in Spain, e.g. in the National Library atMadrid and the Archivo de Indios (Archive of the Indies) in Sevilla, and in othercountries which have had relations, in one way or another, with the Philippines.3. Destructive EarthquakesFrom the list of events of the nearly 400 years of written seismic history, a catalogueof 63 destructive earthquakes was prepared. This includes records which givevery long narratives of damages on natural and man-made structures.Forty of these destructive events are listed in Table 1. Each event has a ModifiedMercalli intensity re-assessed macroseismic descriptions. Figure 1 shows the epicentersof these listed events. Many of these epicenters were determined only from theisoseismal maps. Others were obtained from the work of Lomnitz (1974).4. Preparation of Isoseismal MapsEarthquake intensities in given localities were evaluated using the 1956 versionof the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale for the purpose of drawing isoseismal maps.Maso (1895) gave the original local scale in use prior to the Rossi-Fore1 IntensityScale. Su (1985) suggested the correlation of the adapted Rossi-Fore1 Scale and theModified Mercalli Scale. This is shown in Table 2.In the process of evaluating intensities and preparation of isoseismal maps, somedifficulties were encountered such as: (a) Inapplicability of the descriptions to localstructures - both Rossi-Fore1 and Modified Mercalli scales were developed in foreigncountries where the engineering structures axe different to conditions in the Philippines.(b) Assessing earthquakes based only on reported intensities - the levels of
Philippine His to rical Earthquakes 291Table 1. Destructive Philippine Earthquakes, 1589-19831.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.Date Time (LST) Lat. Long. Magnitude I0ON OE MS (MI)1599 Jun 211619 Nov 301743 Jan 121787 Jul 131796 Nov 051852 Sep 161863 Jun 031869 Aug 161869 Oct 011873 Nov 141880 Jul 181885 Jul 231889 May 261892 Mar 161893 Jun 211897 Sep 211897 Oct 191902 Aug 211907 Nov 241911 Jul 121913 Mar 141917 Jan 311918 Aug 151924 Apr 151924 Aug 301925 Nov 131929 Jun 131931 Mar 191937 Aug 201948 Jan 251954 JulO21955 Apr 011968 Aug 021970 Apr 071973 Mar 171976 Aug 171977 Mar 191981 Nov 221982 Jan 111983 Aug 171O:OO a.m.12:OO p.m.5:OO-6:00 p.m.6:45 a.m.2:OO p.m.6:30 p.m.7:20 p.m.3:OO p.m.11:15 a.m.5:30 p.m.12:40 p.m.10:45 a.m.2:23 a.m.9:Ol p.m.3:30 p.m.1:15 p.m.7:52 p.m.7:17 p.m.9:59 p.m.12:09 p.m.4:47 p.m.12:02 p.m.820 p.m.12:22 a.m.11:07 a.m.8:16 p.m.5:26 p.m.2:26 p.m.7:59 p.m.1:46 a.m.10:46 a.m.2:17 a.m.4:19 a.m.1:34 p.m.4:31 p.m.12:ll a.m.5:43 a.m.11:06 p.m.2:11 p.m.8:18 p.m.14.6018.1714.0010.7016.0513.9514.6312.1714.8213.1116.008.4313.5916.066.887.1 112.408.1013.109 .oo4.505.605.506.508.5013.008.5018.3014.2010.9013.008.0016.5015.8013.417.3016.7018.7114 .OO18.33121.00121.60121.60122.55120.30120.40121.04123.69120.82122.98121.85123.60121.19120.42125.83122.11125.00124.25123.40126.00126.50124.80123.00126.50126.50125.00127.00120.20122.10122.10124.00124.00122.30121.70122.87123.60122.31120.65124.50120.878.7 *8.1 *7.7 *7.9 (PAS)8.3 *8.3 *7.3 (PAS)7.3 (PAS)7.2 (PAS)6.9 (PAS)7.5 *8.3 *6.75 (PAS)7.5 (PAS)7.3 *7.3 (NEIS)7.0 (NEIS)7.9 (NEIS)7.0 (NEIS)6.7 (NEIS)7.1 (NEIS)6.5 (NEIS)VIIIXXXXIXXIXIXVIIIXXVIIIIXXIXIXXXXIXIXXIXIXVIIIXVIIIVIIIIXIXXIXIXXIXVIIIVIIIVIIIVIII* Lomnitz (1974)accuracy of the assessment of many of the earthquakes may not have been uniformconsidering the variance in the degree of subjectivity different observers have inevaluating intensities of earthquakes. (c) Limitation of the spatial distribution ofearthquake effects observations - in many cases, reports are confined to a region ofone intensity level. For cases like these, isoseismal maps were not drawn.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
Page 254 and 255: 240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
Page 256 and 257: 242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
Page 258 and 259: 0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
Page 260 and 261: Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
Page 262 and 263: 248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
Page 264 and 265: 250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
Page 266 and 267: 252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
Page 268 and 269: 254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
Page 270 and 271: 256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
Page 272 and 273: 258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
Page 274 and 275: 260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
Page 278 and 279: :;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
Page 280 and 281: 266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
Page 282 and 283: 268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
Page 286 and 287: 2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
Page 290 and 291: STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
Page 292 and 293: 278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
Page 294 and 295: 280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
Page 296 and 297: 282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
Page 298 and 299: 284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
Page 300 and 301: 286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
Page 302 and 303: ~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
Page 306 and 307: n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
Page 308 and 309: ~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
Page 310 and 311: 296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
Page 312 and 313: 298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
Page 323 and 324: MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
Page 325 and 326: APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
Page 327 and 328: Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
Page 333 and 334: Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
Page 335 and 336: ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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Page 339 and 340: On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
Page 347 and 348: On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
Page 349 and 350: HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
Page 351 and 352: Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
Page 353 and 354: fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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