Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt the beginning of 1909, a 1000 kg Wiechert astatic pendulum, made by Spindlerand Hoyer of Gottingen, was added together with a clock that was changed dailyby telephone to the Royal Observatory time-service. A timing accuracy of about1 sec was obtained. The first vertical instrument, a 1300 kg Wiechert pendulum bythe same makers, was added in May 1910. The equipment was further augmentedthe following year by the addition of two classical Galitein horizontal instruments,made by Masing in St. Petersburg (Galitzin, 1911).In May 1912, the Bosch tronometers were given to the Ministry for the Coloniesand installed at Elisabethville, Congo (now Lubumbashi, Zaire).Instrumental constants were regularly determined, and are reported in the publishedmonthly bulletins, so that the seismograms retain their full use. The Wiechertsproved to be very sensitive to temperature changes in the vault, but the periodsof the Galitzins remained very stable, at just under 25 sec. In June 1913, the clockwas electrically synchronized with the Royal Observatory time-service, and timingaccuracy to 0.1 sec became possible.Two further additions to the instrumentation were made. In April 1930, a verticalGalitein-Wilip with a period of about 8 sec was installed. Its sensitivity was to beimproved and its period lengthened to 10 sec in 1936, when the original steel springswere replaced by Elinvar. Three Sprengnether instruments obtained in the early1950’s are still in use.In 1984, the ‘Centre de GQophysique Interne” began a systematic study of Belgianseismicity, which involved an inspection of all the available seismograms ofshocks before 1950, including those made abroad. Table 1 shows preliminary resultsfor the two best-documented earthquakes, a magnitude Ms = 5 shock in theBrabant massif on 11 June 1938, and the earthquake of 3 April 1949. The first ofthese was the largest in Belgium since 1800, and the second, a magnitude smaller,is representative of shocks in the Hainaut province, where it caused considerabledamage. The earthquake of 11 June 1938 is similar in magnitude to the biggesthistorical events in this region, as shown in Figure 1. The correct assessment of theseismic hazard in Belgium needs especially a detailed study of those main historicalevents. Concerning the 11 June 1938 earthquake, original seismograms or copieswere collected from 19 stations (Figure 2). Epicentres have been determined usingwell-determined P, arrival times, at 19 stations at distances from 140 to 800 kmin the first case, and 10 stations from 140 to 500 km in the second case (Table 2).A P,, velocity of 8.1 km/sec was adopted as an appropriate average value for theregion. Adopted focal depths were derived from macroseismic data as Uccle, thenearest station, was more than 50 km from the epicentre.Table 1. Characteristics of the Two Earthquakes StudiedDate Origin time Lat. Long. Depth M S mbLgON OE (km)1 1938 Jun 11 10h 57m 33s 50.78 3.59 15-25 5.32h0.17(10) 5.59 h0.19 (11)2 1949 Apr 03 12h 33m 41s 50.45 4.11 shallow 4.273Z0.31(05) 4.59 3Z0.25 (07)The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of stations used for the computationof these parameters.
Historical Seismograms in Belgium 227I I I 0 I5 lord* -18.2.175650°NEX PLANATIONM 15.0h1>4.50 IVl>4.0I I I-AFigure 2. Stations from which original seismograms or copies were received for theJune 11, 1938 earthquake.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
Page 190 and 191: 176 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
Page 196 and 197: 182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 198 and 199: 184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
Page 202 and 203: 188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 216 and 217: 202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
Page 218 and 219: 204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
Page 220 and 221: 206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
Page 222 and 223: EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
Page 224 and 225: 2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
Page 226 and 227: 212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
Page 228 and 229: 2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
Page 230 and 231: 216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
Page 232 and 233: 218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
Page 234 and 235: 220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
Page 237: V. Earthquake History
Page 242 and 243: ~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
Page 244 and 245: 230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
Page 246 and 247: DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
Page 248 and 249: 234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
Page 250 and 251: 236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
Page 252 and 253: 238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
Page 254 and 255: 240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
Page 256 and 257: 242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
Page 258 and 259: 0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
Page 260 and 261: Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
Page 262 and 263: 248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
Page 264 and 265: 250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
Page 266 and 267: 252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
Page 268 and 269: 254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
Page 270 and 271: 256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
Page 272 and 273: 258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
Page 274 and 275: 260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
Page 278 and 279: :;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
Page 280 and 281: 266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
Page 282 and 283: 268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
Page 286 and 287: 2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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