Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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482 G. Neilson and P. W. BurtonAfter Milne’s death in 1913 the headquarters of this organization, now known asthe International Seismological Summary (ISS), moved to Oxford under the directionof Professor H. H. Turner.British stations formed a vital part of the new worldwide network set up byMilne. Research was performed on site noise, microseisms, etc., by comparing theseismograms written at the various stations in Britain, and applying the results toall British Association stations.The scientific results from the worldwide organizations were of enormous importanceto seismology because they covered topics as diverse as deep-focus earthquakes,submarine disturbances caused by earthquakes, seismicity studies and epicenter-determinationmethods, and others.Seismology in Britain was considerably disrupted by World War I, although mostof the stations managed to continue operating throughout the war. After 1918 thesituation became normal again fairly quickly. The period between World Wars Iand I1 saw a great advance in seismology in Britain, the most significant contributionpossibly being the production of the Jeffreys-Bullen traveltime tables (Jeffreys,1939), but only two new observatories were established, Jersey and Durham.By the end of World War I1 few British observatories were operating purely inthe interests of seismology. Jersey, under the German occupation, had great difficultyfinding materials to continue recording. Edinburgh and Durham had ceasedanalysing the records for the duration of the war, although the seismographs atEdinburgh were kept in operation throughout.After World War 11, the stations in the British Isles were equipped with obsoleteequipment, efficiency at the stations had declined, and a few stations had closedaltogether. In 1960, only Kew, Durham, Jersey, and Aberdeen were operating andKew and Aberdeen closed within a few years.The Geneva Test Ban negotiations, from 1958 onwards, led to a re-awakeningof interest in seismology and provided the catalyst necessary for the renovationof instrumental seismology. In Britain this led to the establishment of the WorldWide Standard Station at Eskdalemuir and of a large array station nearby (Truscott,1964). In Ireland a World Wide Standard Station was set up at Valentia. Edinburghwas re-equipped with modern instruments recording on magnetic tape (Willmoreand Connell, 1963). An array station was set up at Rookhope, near Durham, andmany modern stations have been deployed over all the British Isles in the yearssince 1960 (Crampin and others, 1970; Browitt and others, 1985).This report deals with the period beginning with the return of Milne from Japanand ends with the renaissance of instrumental seismology in Britain, which beganin the 1960’s.2. The History of the Establishment of Seismological Observatories inthe British IslesThe principal observatories established in Britain and Ireland during 1896- 1960are shown in Figure 1 and listed in Table 1. The first observatory in Britain equippedwith a seismograph was Milne’s at Shide, Isle of Wight, set up in 1895. Milne alsoinstalled a temporary station at Carisbrooke Castle to compare records. Withintwo or three years other stations such as Edinburgh, Kew, Paisley and Bidston wereestablished. All these places had astronomical and/or meteorological observatoriesto provide an accurate source of timing for seismographic recording.
History of the Seismological Observatories in the British Isles 483-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -I 0 1 27-ansverae Mercator ProjectLon&Figure 1. The locations of aome historical Seismological Observatories in the BritishIsles. Station names are listed in Table 1.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477 and 478: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 479 and 480: Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493 and 494: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 495: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
Page 499 and 500: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 505: ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
Page 508 and 509: 494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
Page 510 and 511: 496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
Page 512 and 513: 498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
Page 515 and 516: INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
Page 517 and 518: Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
Page 519 and 520: Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
Page 521 and 522: Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
Page 523 and 524: Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
Page 525 and 526: Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
Page 527: Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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