Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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3 44 H. N. Snvastava and S. K. Das5. IASPEI Historical Seismogram Filming ProjectSeismograms of earthquakes recorded on photographic paper have a tendency todeteriorate with time under changing weather conditions. They require a large storageplace, greater care in handling, and special precautions to prevent damage fromwhite ants. Due to the rapid developments in modern seismological instrumentationof digital as well as analog type, a tendency has been noticed among some seismologiststo undermine the utility of old records which were obtained through low-gaininstruments like Omori-Ewing, Wiechert, Milne-Shaw, and Wood- Anderson. Therecent development of new techniques of digitization and modern methods of analysishave increased the utility of old records to supplement results pertaining tosource mechanism studies, crustal and upper mantle structure, etc. The IASPEIHistorical Seismogram Filming Project will ensure the preservation and availabilityof old seismic records for a long time in the future. Among the Indian seismologicalstations, Bombay has been selected as one of the stations for participation in theHistorical Seismogram Filming Project, and more than 20,000 seismograms havebeen microfilmed so far.Table 1 lists the instruments and the seismological stations that were in operationduring 1962. Because of storage of some seismograms at damp places like Calcuttaand Bombay, some records have been lost due to white ants.During the last few years, there has been a rapid advancement in understandingthe nature of stress and source parameters of earthquakes in India and elsewhere(Ichikawa et al., 1972; Tandon and Srivastava, 1975; Srivastava and Chaudhury,1979; and many others). The Historical Seismogram Filming Project will enableseismologists to study these aspects in detail from near as well as far field anglebased on similar records in Europe, India, Japan, and many other countries.6. Significant Seismological Problems in the Indian RegionThe following seismological problems are of immediate interest for the Indianregion for which the Historical Seismogram Filming Project may provide additionaldata:(I) The catalogue of earthquakes (Tandon and Srivastava, 1974) gives a range ofmagnitudes for many earthquakes in the Indian region. Refinement of methodsof magnitude determination from historical seismograms will enable us to assign amore realistic value in different Indian regions from the point of view of risk analysis.(2) A number of reliable fault-plane solutions of earthquakes in and around theIndian plate (Ichikawa et al., 1972; Tandon and Srivastava, 1975) suggest refinementof regional plate tectonics models. A few studies have been made for someearthquakes in the Indian region prior to 1962 using body waves (Ichikawa et al.,1972, and others). However, there is a need for detailed studies to evaluate stressdrop, seismic moment and related parameters which may enable us to explain thedifference of energy released between earthquakes near plate boundaries and withinthe plate, prior to 1962.
Historical Seismicity and Earthquake Catalogues for Indian Region 345Table 1. List of Seismological Observatories (1962)Station Year Lat. Long. Elev. Foundatmion Seis To T, V(N) (El (m) sec secKodaiksnalBombayCalcu t t aNew DelhiPoonaChatraMadrasS hillongDehradun1932 10'14' 77'28' 2345 Rock1940 18'54' 72'49' 6 Deccan1949 trap.19621940 2'32' 88'20' 6 Alluvium19491942 28'41' 77'12' 230 Massive1951 Quartzite19621949 18'32' 73'51' 560 Deccan1952 26'50' 87'10' 161 Sandstone1952 13'00' 80'11' 151952 25'34' 91'53' 1600 Quartzite1958 Sandstone1953 30'19' 78'03' 682 GravelBhakra 1959 31O25' 76'25' 410 Sedim. rockVisakhapatnam 1961 17'43' 83' 18' 41 Khandelliterock.M- SM- SSPrBenM- S0-ESMSM- SW-ASMSM- SW-ASMSM-SW-ABenSMSSMSW-ASMSM- SW-Aw-LW-AW-AIMDSMS12.0 - 25012.0 - 2508.0 8.0 50001.0 0.2 5000012.0 - 25019.0 - 3006.8 6.8 100012.0 - 2500.8 - 10007.6 7.6 500012.0 - 2504.0 - 11001.5 0.5 -12.0 - 2500.8 - 10000.6 0.45 10001.53 1.56 -7.3 7.3 50000.8 - 9006.9 7.0 500012.0 - 2500.8 - 9201.3 1.55 -0.8 - 9400.8 - 9201.6 0.5 250006.8 6.8 5000Bokaro 1960 23O47' 85'53' 298 Chotanagpur SMS 7.2 7.2 5000Plateau. W-A 0.8 - 4500Port-Blair - 11'40' 92'43' 79 Subsoil rock M-S 12.0 - 250W-A 0.8 - 800SMS 7.4 7.3 4500Sehore 1959 23'10' 77'05' - TMD 1.6 1.6 5000W-A 0.8 - 950Tocklai - 28'45' 94'45' - Alluvium W-A 0.8 - 970Notes:To = seismometer free period; T, = galvanometer period; V = peak magnification; Seis= Seismograph, as noted below.M-S = Milne-Shaw; W-A = Wood Anderson; Spr = Sprengnether; Ben = Benioff;W-L = Wilson-Laminson; IMD = IMD Electromagnetic; SMS = Sprengnether Microseismograph.7. Conclusions(1) For reliable estimates of earthquake risk, there is an urgent need to scan thehistorical records in different Indian languages so that the catalogue of Indian earthquakesmay be extended, similar to the Chinese and Japanese regions where dataare available for 2000 to 3000 years.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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Page 310 and 311: 296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
Page 312 and 313: 298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
Page 323 and 324: MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
Page 325 and 326: APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
Page 327 and 328: Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
Page 333 and 334: Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
Page 335 and 336: ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
Page 337 and 338: uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
Page 339 and 340: On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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Page 349 and 350: HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
Page 351 and 352: Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
Page 353 and 354: fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
Page 355 and 356: Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
Page 357: Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
Page 361 and 362: Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
Page 363 and 364: PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
Page 365 and 366: Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
Page 377 and 378: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 379 and 380: --_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
Page 381 and 382: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 383: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 387 and 388: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
Page 389 and 390: ~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
Page 391 and 392: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 393 and 394: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 395 and 396: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 407 and 408: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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