Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finkel26 30 34 38 42Figure 1: Location map of the earthquake of 17 August 1668. Place names givenin full are known or assumed sites affected by the earthquake (see Appendix 2). Heavybroken lines show the location and extent of fault breaks associated with 20th centuryearthquakes in the North Anatolian fault zone; solid lines show the location and probableextent of faulting associated with the earthquake of 1668. Dotted lines show main caravanroutes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (Taeschner, 1926; Taeschner, 1960);main staging posts are shown by two letters:Tr = Trabzon Mu = Mus kn = Konya Ky = KayseriEr = Erzurum A1 = Aleppo Ku = Kutahya Va = VanHr = Harput Mo = Mosul Im = Izmit Rh = RhodesDb = Diyarbakir Ak = AntakyaNote the bias toward information from towns of the main caravan routes. Dashed contourshows approximate limits of epicentral area with I = VI (MSK) with rui = 270 km.sequence of events into three distinctly different major earthquakes: one in Kastamonuand Bolu on 18 August, another in Konya on 13 September, and he adds athird catastrophic earthquake in Izmir on 10 July 1668, which is, in fact, the earthquakeof 1688, one of the many erroneous entries in this catalogue. Later cataloguesfollow Sieberg, although different works by others are quoted, and the details arenot always consistent. Pinar and Lahn (1952) copy Sieberg and Calvi (1941), asecondary source, producing four large earthquakes with epicenters located in differentparts of Turkey. Ergin et al. (1967) merely copies Pinar and Lahn, addingnothing new, and Soysal et al. (1981), more recently, copies all the previous secondarysources including Ambraseys (1975), to produce seven distinct earthquakeswith epicenters widely dispersed in Anatolia.The primary (that is, contemporary or near-contemporary) sources at our disposal,show that there was only one major event during the period 3 July to 13September 1668, preceded and followed by damaging shocks, the main shock occurringon 17 August, and affecting the region between Bolu and Ersincan. For thelimits of the epicentral region to the west, we have letters written by merchantsin late August and early September 1668 from Beypazari and Izmir respectively,confirming that the shock felt in these places and in Istanbul occurred during the