Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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412 S. Mi y amura140OE 1 60°E 1 80° 16OoW 14 OoW 120ow5C0N4 OON3 OON2 OON1 OON00100s2 00s3OoS4 00s5 00s60'51 - 2----- 3&4@'5.6. 7 0 803'?;Figure 4. Rare earthquakes far from the seismic zones in the Pacific Rasin (SeismicRegion 39, excluding Hawaiian Is. Region, FE Geographic Region 613, Line Is. Region, FERegion 620 and Society Is. Region, FE Region 628) for 1964-1974 after ISC data. (1-4)same as in Figure 3; (5) Epicenter by ISC, mb 2 4.5; (6) Epicenter by ISC, mb < 4.5; (7)Nuclear Weapon Test Site, A - Amchitka, F - Muruloa; (8) Occasional active area, L -Line Is., T - Society Is.; (9) H - Hawaiian Is., FE Region 613. Numbers with epicentersare referred to the Nos. in Table 5c.
Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Mac rofilming Project 413Many earthquakes which were located far inside the Pacific Basin by the InternationalSeismological Summary (ISS) were examined by Gutenberg and Richter(1941) [hereafter GRa 1, but their locations could not be definitely placed. However,GRa commented that some events were not fully rejected and worth examining (seeRemarks in Table 5b). Moreover, considering that the International SeismologicalCenter (ISC) located many events far inside the Pacific Basin as shown in Table 5cand Figure 4, it seems necessary to investigate the locations of all those given inTable 5, for which their seismograms would be important. It is hoped that the filmingproject will not exclude such rare earthquakes even though their magnitudesare smaller than the thresholds.2.4. Selection of Destructive EarthquakesIt is well known that many small-magnitude earthquakes have caused catastrophicdamage. The Agadir, Morocco earthquake (February 29, 1960; MRO = 5.9; deathtoll about 15,000) was one of the most remarkable examples and it should not beforgotten in the filming project.In selecting earthquakes for the filming, damage of earthquakes is also consideredbeside magnitude, and SEB includes many destructive earthquakes havingmagnitude less than 7. (Regrettably, the Agadir earthquake was not included.)Although we have several standard magnitude catalogs, as mentioned in theprevious sections, we do not have a standard earthquake damage catalog for theworld. RN is probably one of the most comprehensive catalogs with many damagingearthquakes included. Bdth (1979) prepared a catalog using the number of deathsas a common measure to compare the damage from different earthquakes. As shownin Table 6, deaths in RN and B%th (1979) are quite different for some earthquakes.RN gives no death toll for some events listed by B%th (1979), and vice versa.Death tolls for some earthquakes not listed by RN and B%th (1979) are supplementedfrom a few local catalogs in Table 6. Geographical inhomogeneity is alsoobserved in damaging earthquakes. Death tolls are not accurate, and differ fromregion to region. Because Table 6 uses a selection threshold of 100 deaths, it doesnot list the Accra, Ghana earthquake of June 22, 1939, M = 6.5, deaths 66 (RN).No global catalog except Ganse and Nelson (1981) [hereafter SE27] lists Cartago,Costa Rica earthquake of May 4, 1910, deaths 272. SE27is an important contribution,but it needs many corrections and additions. It is not advisable to use asis. I have sent some corrections and additions privately to WDC-A. Cooperation ofmany colleagues is needed to improve this catalog.3. Selection of Stations3.1. Necessity of Auziliary StationsIn selecting a representative station of a region, it must be noted that one stationmay have been operated well in a certain period, and another station in anotherperiod. Of course, there are stations that have been operated almost without interruptionduring last several decades. However, they are rather exceptional. Manyold stations had been interrupted in operations by the two World Wars and/orother unavoidable reasons. Studying the history of old stations is a prerequisite for
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Page 375 and 376: Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
Page 377 and 378: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 379 and 380: --_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
Page 381 and 382: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 383: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 387 and 388: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
Page 389 and 390: ~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
Page 391 and 392: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 393 and 394: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 395 and 396: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417 and 418: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 421 and 422: ~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
Page 425: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
Page 442 and 443: 428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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