Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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378 Dale P. Glover and Herbert Meyersfilm records as large as 24 in. (61 cm.) in width and of unlimited length at speedsup to 40 ft. (12.2 m) per minute. Reduction ratios are 16:l and 8:1, depending onthe size of the original records.For filming selected events, a 16-mm Itek planetary camera that was built tospecifications and specially modified for portability was used. The camera can filmrecords as large as 14 by 40 in. (36 by 102 cm). Direct and transmitted light sourcesare provided, which permits a variety of records to be filmed. Most smoked-paperrecords in particular require both transmitted and direct lighting to give a goodfilm image. The Itek camera simultaneously produces two l6mm rolls of film at areduction ratio of 32:l.Portable “flow-through” or rotary 16-mm microfilm cameras are well suited forfilming photographic, pen-and-ink, and heated-stylus type recordings if the widthof the camera throat is sufficient to allow the seismogram to travel through thecamera without being caught and torn. A camera of this type (a Bell & HowellInter/Com Microfilm Recorder, Model 522A, modified for portability) was providedto California Institute of Technology (CIT) to film the Pasadena records.Smoked-paper seismograms are the most difficult kind of records to film; manyof these records are so fragile that they can be copied only with a planetary-typecamera. WDC-A has successfully used a specially made light table with excellentresults. Tests indicate, however, that by using white paper to back the smokedpaperseismograms, good results can sometimes be obtained with direct light. Ifthe records are sturdy, even the small flow-through cameras can sometimes be usedwith the white backing.6.3. Filming ProceduresSeismograms should be filmed in chronological order from the earliest date available.Information such as the monthly log, instrumental characteristics, and stationhistory should be filmed at the beginning of each roll of film.Seismograms from stations that have operated two or more sets of instrumentsshould normally be filmed together; i.e., all records for 1 day regardless of type ofrecord. The date, on-off times, instrument type and component, polarity, and magnification,if known, should be plainly indicated on each seismogram. Seismogramsfrom remote sites may be filmed with those of the main operating observatory.In filming seismograms from older stations, strict rules cannot be applied becausethe records from each station present their own unique problems. Ease of use,therefore, must be the primary guideline.REFERENCESCharlier, Ch. and J. M. Van Gils (1953). Liste des stations seismologiques mondiales,Observatorie Royal de Belgique a Uccle, Brussels, unpaginated.Ganse, R. A. and J. B. Nelson (1981). Catalog of significant earthquakes, 2000 B.C. -1979, Report SE-27, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO,154 pp.Glover, D. P. (1977). Catalog of seismogram archives, Key to Geophysical Records DocumentationNo. 9, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, CO, 51 pp.Glover, D. P. (1977). Directory of seismograph stations, Report SE-7, World Datu Center-Afor Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO, 143 pp.
Historical Seismogram Filming Project 379Glover, D. P. (1980). Historical Seismogram Filming Project: second progress report,Report SE-24, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO, 63 pp.Glover, D. P. and H. Meyers (1981). Historical Seismogram Filming Project: third progressreport, Report SE-28, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO,76 PP.Glover, D. P. and H. Meyers (1982). Historical Seismogram Filming Project: fourthprogress report, Report SE-33, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder,CO, 54 pp.Glover, D. P., H. Meyers, R. B. Herrmann, and M. Whittington (1985). Inventory offilmed historical seismograms and station bulletins at World Data Center-A, ReportSE-37, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO, p. 74-220.Gutenberg, B. (1956). Great earthquakes, 1896-1903, Trans. Am. Geophy. Union, 37,608-614.Herrmann, R. B., M. Whittington, and H. Meyers (1983). Historical Station Bulletin MicrofilmingProject: preliminary inventory, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA,Boulder, CO, 59 pp.Kondorskaya, N. V., N.V. Shebalin, Ye. A. Khrometskaya, and A. D. Gvishiani (1982).New catalog of strong earthquakes in the U.S.S.R. from ancient times through 1977,Report SE-31, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO, 608PP *McComb, H. E. and C. J. West (1931). List of seismological stations of the world, 2nded., Bull. National Res. Council, 119 pp.Meyers, H. and W. H. K.Lee (1979). Historical Seismogram Filming Project: first progressreport, Report SE-22, World Data Center-A for Solid Earth Geophysics, Boulder, CO,68 PP.Poppe, B. B. (1979). Historical survey of U.S. seismograph stations, U.S. Geol. Suru.Prof. Paper No. 1096, 389 pp.Poppe, B. B., D. A. Naab, and J.S. Derr (1978). Seismograph station codes and characteristics,U.S. Geological Survey Circular 791, 171 pp.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
Page 341 and 342: On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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Page 349 and 350: HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
Page 351 and 352: Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
Page 353 and 354: fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
Page 355 and 356: Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
Page 363 and 364: PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
Page 365 and 366: Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
Page 377 and 378: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 379 and 380: --_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
Page 381 and 382: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 383: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 387 and 388: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
Page 389 and 390: ~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
Page 391: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 395 and 396: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417 and 418: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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Page 425 and 426: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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