Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKESG. A. EabySeismological ObservatoryP.O. Box 1320, Wellington, New ZealandABSTRACTThe record of even large earthquakes in New Zealand is likely to beseriously incomplete until organized colonization began in 1840, but accountsof over 300 earlier shocks exist. Colonists soon recognized thepractical importance of earthquakes, and in 1868 the reporting of feltearthquakes was included in the duties of an organized network of climatologicalobservers. This reporting still continues in a greatly expanded way.The archives of the Seismological Observatory, Wellington, contain seismogramsdating from 1900, but the earliest instruments were more effectivein recording teleseisms than in recording local shocks. The presentnetwork of short-period instruments was started in 1930, and stored seismogramsnow cover about 140 square metres of floor-space.Several earthquake catalogues have been prepared, the most comprehensivebeing a list of 24,000 shocks stored on magnetic tape. Fully referencedhistorical material forms the basis of a “Descriptive Catalogue”of which two sections, up to the year 1854, axe published. A great deal oflater information exists in manuscript, but is incomplete.Origins and magnitudes based upon instrumental data recorded before1964 are being recalculated using improved knowledge of crustal structure,wave velocities, and propagation characteristics, and are being publishedtogether with the associated felt reports and other comment. Severalmonographs dealing with the more important events revealed by thesestudies have appeared.1. IntroductionNew Zealand has an earthquake of magnitude 7 or more about once a decade(Figure 1). The shocks have been widely distributed, and only one has resulted inmore than a score of deaths. Nevertheless, some eighty per cent of the population(which totals a little over three million) is urban, and recognizes that the evaluationof seismic risk is a practical problem of some urgency.In comparison with the countries of Europe and the ancient civilizations of Asiaour history is brief, but we are fortunate in the detail and completeness of ourseismic record. Until about 1000 A.D., when the first Polynesian voyagers arrived,the country was completely without human inhabitants; and although Maori oraltradition records an important earthquake in about 1460, it is not until 1773, whenCaptain Furneaux of the “Adventure”, James Cook’s companion on his secondvoyage, experienced a moderate shock in the Marlborough Sounds, that we have awritten description giving the date, place, and time of a New Zealand earthquake.During the next three quarters of a century, the explorers were joined by sealersand whalers, and mission stations and trading-posts appeared. Unfortunately, mostof them were in the far north, the least seismic part of the country, but the letters,Historical Seismogramsand Earthquakes of the World232 Copyright 0 I YXH by Academic Press, Inc.All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
Documenting New Zealand Earthquakes 23335%-t+0.. . . .00*0400st+I1888 AUG31lQCl V3V 1545051976O.000170'E 175OE lflfl"Figure 1. Distribution of shallow New Zealand earthquakes since European settlementbegan.diaries, and log-books surviving from this period are well seasoned with referencesto earthquakes. In 1840 systematic colonization began. Coastal towns grew rapidly,and settlers moved inland in search of farming country. Many of the early colonistswere highly literate. Newspapers were started, descriptions of the fauna, flora, andgeology of the country were published, and gentleman amateurs of science begankeeping records of the weather, of signs in the heavens, and of tremblings of theEarth.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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Page 196 and 197: 182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 198 and 199: 184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
Page 202 and 203: 188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 216 and 217: 202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
Page 218 and 219: 204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
Page 220 and 221: 206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
Page 222 and 223: EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
Page 224 and 225: 2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
Page 226 and 227: 212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
Page 228 and 229: 2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
Page 230 and 231: 216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
Page 232 and 233: 218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
Page 234 and 235: 220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
Page 237: V. Earthquake History
Page 240 and 241: 226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
Page 242 and 243: ~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
Page 244 and 245: 230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
Page 248 and 249: 234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
Page 250 and 251: 236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
Page 252 and 253: 238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
Page 254 and 255: 240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
Page 256 and 257: 242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
Page 258 and 259: 0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
Page 260 and 261: Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
Page 262 and 263: 248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
Page 264 and 265: 250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
Page 266 and 267: 252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
Page 268 and 269: 254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
Page 270 and 271: 256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
Page 272 and 273: 258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
Page 274 and 275: 260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
Page 278 and 279: :;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
Page 280 and 281: 266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
Page 282 and 283: 268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
Page 286 and 287: 2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
Page 290 and 291: STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
Page 292 and 293: 278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
Page 294 and 295: 280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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