Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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480 H. K. LamAll the seismograms were in satisfactory condition when they were microfilmed.There are two copies of microfilm kept by the Royal Observatory: a master copyand a duplicate copy. The master copy is kept separately from the duplicate copyunder temperature and humidity controlled environment. The duplicate copy isnormally the working copy. Information such as station name, times of on and off,polarity, and timing corrections were normally recorded on the seismograms. Theseand other additional information on instrumental constants were also available onstation log books and/or seismological bulletins for the periods from 1921 to 1940and from 1951 to present. These records, however, were not microfilmed.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICALOBSERVATORIES IN THE BRITISH ISLES, 1896-1960G. Neilson and P. W. BurtonNatural Environment Research Council, British Geological SurveyMurchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK1. IntroductionThe earliest known application of instruments to the study of British earthquakeswas the result of the work of a committee of the British Association for the Advancementof Science, which was set up in 1840 to study the earthquake sequence thenin progress at Comrie, Scotland (British Association, 1841-1844). The secretary ofthis committee, David Milne (later Milne-Home) coined the word “seismometer”, todescribe the invention of another member of the committee, Professor J. D. Forbes(Forbes, 1844). This instrument, the basis of which was an inverted pendulum,would now be described as a seismoscope. A number of these instruments, togetherwith other, simpler types such as common pendulums, were placed around Comrie,but the results produced were disappointing. With the decrease in the frequencyand severity of the earthquakes, the committee lapsed after 1844.In 1869, following signs of renewal of seismic activity in Comrie, a new committeeof the British Association was set up to investigate the earthquakes of Scotland.This committee reported to the Association in 1870 to 1876 (British Association,1870-1876). This committee discovered that at least one of the Forbes instrumentswas still working but decided that it was not sensitive enough. A simpler device,designed by Robert Mallet was adopted (Davison, 1924). A series of upright cylindersof varying heights and diameters was set up in two lines at right angles to eachother on a bed of sand in the ‘earthquake house” in Comrie. The theory was that ashock would upset the cylinders, the orientation of the overturned cylinders wouldgive the direction of the shock, and the mass of the largest cylinder overturnedwould indicate the strength of the disturbance. Bryce, the Chairman of the committee,died in 1876, and after his death the committee lapsed. Mallet’s apparatusis reported to have only been disturbed once, but the source of the disturbance wasthe antics of local boys, not an earthquake.About the same time, E. J. Lowe erected a simple pendulum instrument to detectshocks at his observatory in Nottinghamshire (Burton and others, 1984).Credit for first demonstrating the value of seismographs to seismology belongs toworkers such as Gray, Ewing and Milne who developed various types of instrumentsin Japan from about 1880 to 1895 (Dewey and Byerly, 1969). The most influentialmember of this group was John Milne. On his return to Britain in 1895 he becamesecretary of the British Association Seismological Investigations Committee. Thiscommittee tested various types of seismographs and eventually decided that theMilne horizontal pendulum was the best instrument. It also set up a worldwidenetwork of stations equipped with these instruments to record large earthquakesand report their observations to Milne’s Observatory at Shide, Isle of Wight. Here,the epicentres of the shocks were computed and the data circulated to contributingst at ions.Historical Seisniogramsand Earthquakes of the World481Copyright 0 1988 by Academic Press, Inc.All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477 and 478: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 479 and 480: Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 497 and 498: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 505: ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
Page 508 and 509: 494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
Page 510 and 511: 496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
Page 512 and 513: 498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
Page 515 and 516: INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
Page 517 and 518: Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
Page 519 and 520: Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
Page 521 and 522: Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
Page 523 and 524: Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
Page 525 and 526: Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
Page 527: Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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