Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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366 J. VanZk and V. Hanus"(7) Cojimies-Rio Pastaza fracture zone (D)Outcrop position: (0.20' N, 79.50' W), (0.25' S, 79.80' W) - (2.25' S, 76.60' W),(2.65' S, 76.95' W) length 420 km; width 60 km; dip 50' to northeast; maximumdepth 85 km.(8) Santa Helena-Santa Cecilia fracture zone (CS)Outcrop position: (0.30' N, 77.15' W), (0.30' S, 76.80' W) - (2.70' S, 81.90' W),(3.25' S, 81.55' W); length 615 km; width 75 km; dip 45' to northwest; maximumdepth 130 km.4. Distribution of Historical Disastrous Earthquakes in EcuadorThe knowledge of the position and geometry of the Wadati-Benioff zone (Hanu8and Vankk, 1987a) and the deep seismically active fracture zones in the continentalplate (Hanug and VanZk, 1987b) enabled us to coordinate individual disastrousearthquakes, observed in Ecuador in the last two centuries, to geological structuresalong which they occurred. A list of disastrous earthquakes with epicentral intensityI, 2 8' MCS observed in Ecuador since 1797 (Egred et al., 1984) is given in Table 1;Table 1. List of Disastrous Earthquakes in Ecuador and Southern ColombiaNo. Date Time Lat. Long. I, Macro- Remarkseismicfield12345678910111213141516171819a19b2021221797 Feb 4 12:30 1.67s 78.64W1859 Mar 22 13:30 0.22s 78.50W1868 Aug 15 19:30 0.81N 77.72W1868 Aug 16 06:30 0.31N 78.18W1923 May 12 00:22 0.50s 78.56W1929 Jul 25 08:45 0.41s 78.53W1938 Aug 10 02:02:06 0.31s 78.42W1942 May 14 02:13:18 0.75s 81.50W1949 Aug 5 19:08:47 1.50s 78.25W1955 May 11 11:04:00 0.00 78.00W1956 Jan 16 23:37:37 0.505 80.50W1958 Jan 19 14:07:26 1.37N 79.34W1961 Apr 8 09:03:49 2.10s 79.10W1962 Nov 16 06:39:08 1.00s 78.60W1964 May 19 23:03:38 0.84s 80.29W1970 Dec 10 04:34:39 3.999 80.72W1976 Oct 6 09:12:39 0.76s 78.75W1980 Aug 18 15:07:53 1.95s 80.02W1827Nov 16 23 1.8N 76.4W1827 Nov 17 16:lO 1.8N 76.4w1834 Jan 20 12 1.3N 76.9W1885 May 25 20 2.5N 76.5W1923 Dec 14 10:31:18 1.ON 77.5W11 10-118 7- 88 7- 810 9-108 7- 88 89 8- 99 8-911 8-118 7-89 7- 98 7- 88 7- 88 6-88 6-89 8-99 7- 98 7- 8classI11111111I11I1123 1947 Jul 14 07:Ol:OO 1.2N 77.2W I1 -intersection of KO,CS,Dintersection of F,ECFFintersection of CS,DN continuation of KOintersection of CS,DN continuation of KOintersection of F,ECsubduction zoneintersection of KO,CS,DFsubduction zoneECKOintersection of KO,CS,Dsubduction zoneUintersection of CS,DN continuation of KOcs
Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones in Ecuador 367the list is supplemented by disastrous earthquakes observed in the continental partof southern Colombia since 1827 (earthquakes of class I1 and 111 in Ramirez, 1975)to confirm the northern continuation of the fracture zone F.The location and shape of fields of maximum macroseismic intensities for individualearthquakes are shown in Figures 4-6, together with the outcrops of theseismically active fracture zones. The range of intensities used for the constructionof macroseismic fields is given in Table 1; epicenters of disastrous earthquakes insouthern Colombia are also shown with crosses in Figures 4-5. It appears that allthe disastrous earthquakes of Ecuador are located either in the fracture zones ofthe overriding South American plate or in the subducted Naaca plate. However,the majority of these earthquakes (83%) can be related to individual fracture zonesin the continental plate, the rest being located in the subducted Nazca plate. Theassignment of individual earthquakes to the respective fracture zone is also given inTable 1.The most disastrous Ecuadorian earthquakes of 1797 and 1949 (Nos. 1 and 9 withI, = 11' MCS in Table 1 and Figures 4-5) occurred at the intersection of the fracturezones KO, CS and D, with their macroseismic fields elongated along the strike of thefracture zone KO (compare also Martelly, 1952). The macroseismic fields of otherevents appear also to be elongated along the strike of the corresponding fracturezones (compare fields of Nos. 1, 9, 14 with KO, Nos. 2, 3, 4, 10 with F, No. 16 withU, and No.18 with CS) or along the strike of the subduction zone (Nos. 8, 11, 15).r- L1a2 wI180 78 ,i --_I_ ~ -L-I I -1Figure 4. Position and shape of fields of maximum intensities for disastrous earthquakesobserved in Ecuador from 1797 to 1923 (Nos. 1-5 in Table 1) in the pattern of theseismically active fracture zones (Figure 2); epicenters in southern Colombia (Nos. 19-22)are denoted by crosses.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Page 335 and 336: ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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Page 339 and 340: On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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Page 349 and 350: HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
Page 351 and 352: Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
Page 353 and 354: fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
Page 355 and 356: Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
Page 363 and 364: PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
Page 365 and 366: Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
Page 377 and 378: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 379: --_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
Page 383: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 387 and 388: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
Page 389 and 390: ~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
Page 391 and 392: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Page 395 and 396: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417 and 418: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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Page 425 and 426: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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