Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMSMANILA OB SERVAT o RYOF THESergio S. Su, S.J.Manila ObservatoryP.O. Box 1231, Manila, Philippines 2800The Manila Observatory was established in 1865, during the Spanish regime, originallyfor weather observations. It began as a private institution run by the SpanishJesuits and supported by donations from merchants and businessmen. Twenty yearslater the King of Spain raised it to the status of Royal Meteorological Observatory,thus making it a government institution. When the Americans took over the rulefrom the Spaniards in 1899, they saw the need and advantage of keeping the unificationof the Manila Observatory and the Philippine Weather Bureau. This wasmaintained until the Japanese invasion in 1941. For the next ten years the ManilaObservatory was non-existent, while the Philippine Weather Bureau was revivedaround 1945, independently of the Jesuits. In 1952, the observatory was revived bythe Jesuits, once more as a private institution, not in Manila (even though the namewas retained) but in Baguio, 260 kilometers north of Manila. In 1962, the ManilaObservatory moved from Baguio to Quezon City which is now part of MetropolitanManila.Oddly enough, the only extant historical seismograms of the observatory (i.e.originals and not just copies) are those of the period from 1952 to 1962 when theobservatory was not in Manila but in Baguio. These seismograms of Baguio pre-dateits establishment as a WWSSN station in 1962.Other historical seismograms that were lost or destroyed during World War I1 includedthose that dated back to 1877 when regular uninterrupted seismographicrecordings began (intermittent seismographic records started as early as 1866).These included records from the Vicentini, the Gray-Milne, and the Cecchi seismographs.Maso (1895) showed some pictures of these instruments. Also lost duringthe Second World War were the records from provincial stations such as those ofthe Cotabato station in Mindanao and the Ambuklao station in Luaon.Besides the above-mentioned original historical seismograms of BAG, there arecopies of seismograms of historical earthquakes contained in articles and earthquakereports in the Manila Observatory archives. Repetti (1946) gives a fairly completecatalogue (with accounts and descriptions) of earthquakes from 1589- 1899. Anothervery probable source of information on historical earthquakes in the Philippines isthe archives of Seville, Spain.Table 1 summarizes all the records (copies of seismograms) of historical earthquakesthat have been gathered so far from monographs, articles and reports foundin the archives of the Manila Observatory. Table 2 contains descriptions of seismographswhose records are found in Table 1.Historical Seismogramsand Earthquakes of the World490Copyright 0 I98X by Academic Press, Inc.All rights of reproduction in any form resened.
~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismograms of the Manila Observatory 49 101. Luzon earthquake recorded in Manila:Time: 1880 July 18, 12h 40mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 249).See Figure 1. *03. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1880 July 20, 22h 40mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 252)See Figure 1. *05. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1880 July 15. OOh 53mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 248)See Figure 1. *07. Zamboanga earthq. rec. in Cotabato:Time: 1897 September 21, 13h 32mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 314)See Figure 3. *Amplitude A = 09' 20' N 45' WAmplitude B = 13' N 45' EDuration = 12 secondsTable 1. List of Historial Seismograms02. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1880 July 20, 15h 40mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 251).See Figure 1. *04. Luson earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1880 Jul25, 04h 02mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 254)See Figure 1. *__06. Zamboanga earthq. rec. in Cotabato:Time: 1897 September 21, 03h 25mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 314)See Figure 2. *Amplitude A = 21' W 10' NAmplitude B = 11' N 10' WDuration = 52 seconds08. Polloc earthq. rec. in Cotabato:Time: 1893 June 3, 06h 58mDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 299)See Figure 4. *Amplitude A = 07' 15' S 50' WAmplitude B = 15' 07' S 10' EDuration = 12 seconds09. Mongolian earthq. rec. in Manila: 10. Mongolian earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1905 July 9, 17h 48m 13s.Time: 1905 July 23, 10h 53m 58sSee Figure 5. tSee Figure 5. t11. Indian earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1905 April 4,08h 58m 25sSee Figure 6. t12. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1882 March 24, 08h 04m 19sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 262)See Figure 7, C-113. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila: 14. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1882 September 11, 23h 08m 09s Time: 1882 November 29, 05h 03m 37sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 264) Description in Repetti (1946, p. 266)See Figure 7, C-2 7See Figure 7, C-315. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila: 16. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1883 February 6, 12h 19m 29s Time: 1883 July 14,04h 25m 35sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 267) Description in Repetti (1946, p. 267)See Figure 7, C-4 7See Figure 7, C-517. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila: 18. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1883 July 27, 17h 51m 36sTime: 1884 October 29, 04h 09m 45sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 268) Description in Repetti (1946, p. 270)See Figure 7, C-6 FSee Figure 7, C-719. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila: 20. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1884 November 11, 16h 35m 26s Time: 1884 December 20, 20h 39m 10sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 270) Description in Repetti (1946, p. 271)See Figure 7, C-8 FSee Figure 7, C-921. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila: 22. Luzon earthq. rec. in Manila:Time: 1885 November 16, 23h 21m 35s Time: 1885 November 18, 02h 37m 57sDescription in Repetti (1946, p. 275) Description in Repetti (1946, p. 275)See Figure 7, C-10 'FSee Figure 7, C-11continued
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477 and 478: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 479 and 480: Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493 and 494: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 495 and 496: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
Page 497 and 498: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 503: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 508 and 509: 494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
Page 510 and 511: 496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
Page 512 and 513: 498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
Page 515 and 516: INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
Page 517 and 518: Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
Page 519 and 520: Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
Page 521 and 522: Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
Page 523 and 524: Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
Page 525 and 526: Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
Page 527: Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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