Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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126806040-nDeli Cheng, Yushou Xie, and Zhifeng Dingn= 150-AM = 4-0.0 1g = 50.1 1n n=42AM= +0.02u- = -L 0.06n20c?o * 0 MG-M? nO0MA1-Mcv100n = 433-A M = -0.03. CT = 2 0.23nI9 u?T-1 ?iL-O'? MC3-M0i-9 L0.O % MCI-MY 0 n onn = 32AM = -0.27(T k 0.22O MSI-M O MS2-M.085Figure 6. Statistical comparison of our catalogue with other catalogues: MG = Gutenberg,1954; MA1 = Abe, 1981, 1983a; MS1 = Atlas of Earthquakes in USSR, 1962;MS2 = New Catalogue of strong Earthquakes in USSR, 1977; MC1 = Catalogue of ChineseEarthquakes, 1971; MC3 = Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes, 1983.
Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M 2 6.5) 1274.2. From Table 2, it can be seen that after careful revision the magnitudes ofsome strong earthquakes differ greatly from their previously adopted values. Forexample: for the August 22, 1902 Xinjiang earthquake, the Ms calculated usingdata from Gutenberg's worksheet was 8.2. After calibration, it was revised to 7.7.The epicenter of the August 31, 1902 Xinjiang earthquake was redetermined. Accordingto Gutenberg's worksheet, its Ms is 7.4. Abe (1983a) changed it to 7.0 bycorrecting the effective amplification of the undamped seismograph, and later hefurther revised it to 6.8, which agrees well with the revised magnitude of USSR.The magnitude of the August 30, 1904 Sichuan earthquake was estimated to be 6from macroseismic observations. By using the data of Gutenberg's worksheet and10 other stations, Ms = 7.5 was obtained. It was further revised to 6.8 after calibration.In addition, the epicenter determined from instrumental data is 1" away fromthe macroseismic location. The calculated Ms for the December 23, 1906 Xinjiangearthquake was 7.9. After calibration, it was reduced to 7.2. The magnitude of theDecember 21, 1913 Yunnan earthquake was estimated to be between 62 and 7 frommacroseismic observations in 1971 and 1983 editions of the Catalogue of ChineseEarthquakes respectively. The result of our calculation based upon instrumentaldata is Ms = 7$, which is very close to Abe's revised magnitude of 7.2. In thetwo editions of the Chinese catalogues, the magnitude of the July 31, 1917 Yunnanearthquake (the instrumentally determined epicenter is at Sichuan) was givenbetween 6; and 6: respectively. Abe corrected it to 7.5. According to the datafrom several seismic stations, we obtained Ms = 74. Similar circumstances existfor the Taiwan earthquakes, although the correction is less. As the instrumentaldata increased gradually after 1918, such large corrections of magnitude becamerare. However, the accuracy and reliability were improved through careful revision.For example: the magnitude of the May 23, 1927 Gansu earthquake was taken as8.0 by Gutenberg. Among the magnitudes calculated by using formula (1) from thedata of 15 stations, only one attained 8.1, with all the others lower than 8. Theaverage value is 7.8, near Abe's value of 7.9. We revised it to 7.9. Based upon thedata of 10 seismic stations, we revised the magnitudes of the two August 1, 1937Shandong earthquakes to 6.8 and 6.7 respectively by using formula (3).4.3. During the period from 1900 to 1948, the number of stations was insufficient,the seismogram quality was poor, the station distribution was not optimal, andthe data collected were insufficient. The fact that the frequency-magnitude curve(Figure 7) bends below Ms = 6.5 indicates that many earthquakes with magnitudesless than 6.5 were not recorded. The b-value for the straight line portion of the curveis 0.84. It is close to the value b = 0.90 f 0.02 obtained by Gutenberg for worldwideshallow shocks, but differs greatly from the value given in Report of Seismic Zoningof China (State Seismological Bureau, 1982).4.4. Figure 8 shows the variation in annual frequency, energy and cumulative strainrelease for earthquakes with M 2 6.5. Obviously, the seismicity had a maximum in1920, when the Ms = 8.6 Haiyuan earthquake and the Ms = 8.0 Taiwan earthquakeoccurred. The year 1902 was the next largest and includes the Ms = 7.7 Atush,Xinjiang shock. In addition, there are small jumps in the years 1906, 1927, 1931,and 1947.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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Page 94 and 95: 80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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Page 98 and 99: 84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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Page 110 and 111: 96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
Page 114 and 115: 100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
Page 121 and 122: RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
Page 123 and 124: S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
Page 125 and 126: In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
Page 127 and 128: 1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
Page 129 and 130: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
Page 135 and 136: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
Page 139: Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
Page 145 and 146: DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
Page 147 and 148: Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
Page 153 and 154: COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
Page 155 and 156: Compilation and Processing of Histo
Page 157 and 158: The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
Page 159 and 160: The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
Page 161 and 162: ~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
Page 163 and 164: The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
Page 165 and 166: Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
Page 167 and 168: YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
Page 171 and 172: YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
Page 177 and 178: His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
Page 179 and 180: Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
Page 181 and 182: Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
Page 183 and 184: His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
Page 185: IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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176 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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