Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi It0I Wiechert1 Strong-motion III19?0 Go 'go '60 ?O '80II ..LOW- gain[:.,..::,~;:,.-..::;.-* ........ ..:*: i :*.:.*.: . .. ,::-.-.::':..-.._. ._I ong - period=I I 1 I 1 I IFirst year m?? Second year mi Third yearFigure 1. Microfilming schedule.The first frame of the microfilm is a resolution chart for the focus and the exposurecorrections. The second to the eighth frames contain information on how touse the microfilm. The second frame shows the roll number and the dates of theseismograms being filmed. The third frame shows the station name, address, latitude,longitude, etc. The fourth frame (Figure 2) shows the name of the instrumentand its constants along with the response curves. The fifth frame (Figure 3) showsphotographs of the Wiechert seismographs; the direction of ground displacement onthe original seismogram is also drawn on the right side of this frame. The originalseismograms are smoked paper records.The sixth frame (Figure 4) indicates the filming format. The seismogram of theWiechert instrument is a ring-shaped paper with a total length of 180 cm. Eachseismogram is folded in two, as shown in the upper left of Figure 4. Two sides ofthe seismogram, i.e. A- and B-plane, are filmed in two frames of the microfilm. Oneside of the three-component seismogram is filmed on one frame, and the other sideis filmed on the successive frame, as shown in the bottom of Figure 4. Generally,the side on which some information is described on the seismogram is chosen asthe A-plane. The three-component seismogram is arranged from top to bottomin the order of vertical, east-west, and north-south components. If the east-westcomponent is missing, the middle place in the frame is blank, as shown in Figure4. A small label (10 x 3.5 cm) is affixed in the margin of each seismogram. Thestation, instrument, A- or B-plane, year, component, data on/off time, and a scaleindicating the original record length per minute are given on this label. Since thedrive speed of the recording sheet is 3 cm per minute, the length of one recordline (180 cm) is one hour. Time is Japanese Standard Time (JST), and UniversalCoordinate Time (UTC) is JST minus 9 hours.The seventh frame, sometimes 7th to 9th frames, is an inventory sheet (Figure 5 )indicating whether the seismograms are present or missing. A blank column indicatesthat the records are saved, whereas an oblique line in a column indicatesa missing record. When large amplitude seismic waves were recorded and/or theinstrument was adjusted, a new recording sheet was set on twice or three times ina day. In this case, the number of seismograms per day is described in the column."C" in the column indicates that the calibration signals, i.e. free period, dampingratio and the static magnification of the instrument are recorded on the seismogram.
Microfilming of Historical Seismograms at Abuyama Observatory 441W iechert SeismographsConstants and Response curvesI I I I I 1 1 " I 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I100W,STo : natural period ( sec.)h : damping constantV : static maunification100. I I Period (sec.) 10Figure 2. Response curves of Wiechert seismographs.)elsFigure S. Photographs of instruments and seismograms.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Page 403 and 404: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417 and 418: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 421 and 422: ~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
Page 425 and 426: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
Page 442 and 443: 428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477 and 478: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 479 and 480: Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493 and 494: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 495 and 496: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
Page 497 and 498: History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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