Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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404 S. MiyamuraOrigin times of the following earthquakes in the Japanese area are not given inGMT and should be reduced by 9 hours:(1) “1909 Oct 31 19:18” should be “10:18”,(2) “1913 Apr 13 15:40” should be ‘06:40”,(3) “1915 Aug 05 22:16” should be “13:16”,(4) “1915 Nov 18 13:04” should be “04:04”,(5) “1925 May 27 11:30” should be “02:30”,(6) ‘1931 Mar 09 12:49” should be “03:49”.Origin times of the following earthquakes should also be corrected as follows:“1935 Apr 20 2O:Ol” should be “22:01”, “1941 Nov 24 11:46” should be “21:46”. Allof these errors were found in RN.GR is probably one of the main data sources for RN and SE22, but they do notinclude 29 earthquakes with MGR 2 7.0 for the period 1904-1917, 8 of which areMGR 2 7.5 (see Table 2). On the other hand, they include many earthquakeswhich are not found in GR, DU, A, AN, and AN’. They are mostly earthquakesin and near Japan taken from CMO (1950), but more than 20 are earthquakesoutside the Japanese area (see Table 3). For example, the October 10, 1932 SolomonIslands earthquake (M = 7.7) and the March 19, 1951 Philippine Islands earthquake(M = 7.8) appear to be too large to be missed by GR. Their magnitudes mayactually be less than 7.0, but we need amplitude data for verification.Magnitudes in RN or SE22 are the largest of the values from referred sources.However, MGR of many earthquakes are larger than M in SEZ2, which indicatesthat GR was not the data source for those earthquakes (see Table 4).The Glover and Meyers (1982) catalog [hereafter SESS] combined the global andUnited States catalogs in SE22, However, due to the lack of visual examination,SE33 failed to include 15 events during October 16, 1906 to April 10, 1907, 6 eventsduring December 26., 1949 to February 2, 1950, and 2 events during November 16,1925 to January 25, 1926. Moreover, 3 earthquakes in SE22 (November 5, 1904 inTaiwan; May 4, 1907 in Bonin Island; and May 30, 1929 in Argentina) are omittedin SE3.9, the reason of which is unclear. There are also minor errors in that severalsuccessive events axe placed reverse in time, e.g., 1908 May 12 20:22 and 20:36; 1909Jul 07 21:37 and 21:39, 1909 Aug 14 06:30 and 06:39. These errors again suggestthe necessity of examining a computer prepared catalog carefully.,92333 supplemented several earthquakes not included in SEZZ (Table 2) andrevised many magnitudes in SE22, but the corrections are mostly less than 0.2,except for “1929 Mar 07 Aleutian Island” where M = 8.1 is revised to M = 8.6.2.3. Geographical Inhomogeneity of Magnitude ThresholdThe common procedure for selecting earthquakes having magnitude larger thana certain threshold introduces a regional bias of the number of selected events.GR lists 15 earthquakes with M 2 7.75 in the Seismic Region 19 (Kamchatka - NEHonshu) and 6 events in Region 24 (Indonesia), but only 2 events in Regions 3 and 4(California and Gulf of California), and 1 event in Region 29 (Iran - Ural). Further,no earthquakes with M 2 7.75 are given in Region 32 (Atlantic Ocean), Region 44(East Pacific Ocean), and Region 45 (Indian- Antarctic Swell). Therefore, it seemsreasonable to change the magnitude threshold from region to region in selectingearthquakes. For GR, optimum levels of two alternatives are suggested as follows:
Historical Seismograms and the Microfilming Project 405Table 2. Earthquakes in Gutenberg and Richter (1954) (GR), not listed in thecatalog of WDC-A Report SE22 (1979) (SE22).*Year Date Time Lat. Lon. O h GRNo. MGR MAN Rem.1904190819091910191119121913191419151916191704.0407.2410.0305.1512.1212.0906.2912.1009.1510.0612.1612.3101.0406.1008.1712.2306.0407.2801.1204.1106.2003.1204.2602.1506.2407.2707.2707.2910:2610:4403:OS08:3112:5423:2810:4509:2613:lO10:1619:1406:0715:4616:0619:ll23:5609:5705:3909:2816:3007:2014~4802:2100:4819:4801:Ol02:5121:2941.75 N52.00 N12.00 N59.00 N26.50 N12.00 N32.00 S11.00 s20.00 s19.00 N17.00 N02.00 s52.00 N59.00 N04.00 N001.50 S17.00 S31.50 N12.00 s12.00 s12.00 N10.00 N30.00 S21.00 s19.00 N31.00 S03.50 S023.25 E159.00 E058.00 E141.00 W097.00 E144.50 E 50176 .OO W162.50 E 50072.00 W70.500 W100.50 W 50143.50 E179 .OO W153.00 W127.00 E123.00 E150.00 E074.00 W131.00 E163.00 E 50166.00 E 50124.00 E085 .OO W073.00 W174.00 W 60067.50 W 50070.00 W 60141.00 E30N61019N55033N08502N16026N36017N78012N16015N0808N5107N3 105N41016N1301N1301N47123N10523N49515N8408N47420N42015N03014N90022N3906N2808N73012N4607N4208N80016N2007.507.507.007.007.507.407.007.507.307.007.507.007.007.007.507.007.007.007.007.257.257.007.307.007.257.007.007.607.1-7.07.0 (1)7.06.8 (2)7.37.37.16.87.66.8-(1)6.9 (1)7.3--7.0-7.27.0-7.1--7.0 (1)(*) N.B. 1906.04.18 California Eq. (03N490) is excluded (cf. text). Remarks: (1) Supplementedin SESS; (2) cf. &mark (2) in Table 1.(1) No. 1 - No. 23, No. 46 (Circum-Pacific Seismic Regions):for M 2 7.75, N = 64; for M 2 7.5, N = 132,(2) No. 24 - No. 31, No. 47, No. 48 (Eurasian Seismic Regions):for M 2 7.75, N = 28; for M 2 7.5, N = 57,(3) No. 32 - No. 33 (Atlantic and Indian Ocean Seismic Regions):for M 2 7.0, N = 26; for M 2 6.75, N = 42,(4) Nos. 34, 37, 38, 41, 42, 51 (Continental Seismic Regions):for M 2 7.0, N = 8; for M 2 6.75, N = 22,(5) Nos. 35, 36, 39, 49, 50 (Continental and Oceanic Stable Regions):for M 2 6.0,N = 11; for M 2 5.5, N = 28,where N is the number of earthquakes selected above the threshold. The totalnumbers are 137 and 281, which are manageable for the limited time and budget.It seems more important to include smaller but rare earthquakes than to includemany similar earthquakes that are expected to occur frequently.Considering the importance of rare earthquakes, we must note that the Gutenberg-RichterSeismic Regions cover rather large areas, and we find earthquakeswith magnitude below the suggested thresholds of the respective regions located far-7.7
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Page 377 and 378: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 379 and 380: --_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
Page 381 and 382: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 383: Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
Page 387 and 388: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
Page 389 and 390: ~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
Page 391 and 392: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 393 and 394: Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
Page 395 and 396: Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
Page 405 and 406: Digitization and Processing of J.M.
Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 421 and 422: ~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
Page 423 and 424: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 425 and 426: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
Page 442 and 443: 428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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