Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attacked the Pacific coast between 39’ and 40’ N and caused severalhundred deaths and several hundred houses were washed away.(3) Occurrence time is about 10 a.m.(4) Beginning noon of the same day, swarm earthquakes occurred in Tokyo andcontinued until 23 February. The total number of felt earthquakes was more than70. No damages were reported.New materials reveal the following facts:(1) Intensity (Japanese scale) distribution is shown in Figure 5. For comparison,isoseismals are drawn in Figure 6 for some other earthquakes which took place offthe Sanriku coast. The area of intensity 2 4 resembles those in Figure 5, howeverthe area of intensity 2 5 is smaller than the Kansei earthquake.(2) Aftershock series observed at various places is shown in Figure 5. They showthat the number of aftershocks decrease abruptly one week after the main shock. Atsome places, aftershocks occur more frequently than in Tokyo. The daily aftershocknumber observed at Sendai is as follows:17 February 54-5518 February 3019 February 1720 February 7-821 February 5-6No modern earthquake in Table 2 gives a persuasive explanation for the numberof aftershocks at Tokyo due to the Kansei event. Table 3 lists two large off-Sanrikuearthquakes in 1896 and 1933. The number of aftershocks for the 1896 event isgreater than for the 1933 event. Except for Tokyo, aftershock number of the Kanseiearthquake could be explained by considering that it gave rise to a few more aftershocksthan the 1896 event. The intensity distribution of the Kansei earthquakecould be reasonably explained if we make the magnitude somewhat larger than the1896 event.The distribution of areas hit by tsunami and the tsunami height estimated fromdamages resemble those of 1896 and 1933 earthquakes. The 1896 earthquake is dueto reverse faulting, and the 1933 event is due to normal fault movement.Let us try to determine the fault type of the Kansei earthquake employing theinitial motion of the tsunami wave observed at Nakamura, i.e., the ‘pull” motion.However, we do not know the initial motion at Nakamura for the 1896 and 1933earthquakes. The nearest point where the initial motion is known is Ayukawa,about 100 km north of Nakamura. At Ayukawa, the initial motion of tsunamiwave is “pull” for 1896 earthquake and “push” for 1933 earthquake. So, for thetime being, it may be possible to consider that Kansei earthquake is reverse faulttype. In Table 3, we compare the Kansei earthquake with some typical types ofearthquakes occurring off the coast of northeastern Japan. From Table 3, the typeof earthquake which most resembles the Kansei earthquake is the 1896 off-Sanrikuearthquake of reverse type.Historical large earthquakes of the types 1 to 3 (as defined in Table 3) are arrangedin Table 4. Eom plate tectonics theory, it is said that reverse fault movementsrepeat every one hundred years or so, but there is no definite repeat interval forthe normal fault movement. If the Kansei earthquake is of reverse type, we can see
Study of Historical Earthquakes an Japan 285Figure 5. Intensity at various places and aftershock series of the 1793 Kansei earthquake.On the right, daily aftershock number is shown from January 7th (Japanese lunarcalendar) to 19th. On the left, monthly aftershock number from January to October isshown. For January, those after 20th are shown.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
Page 248 and 249: 234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
Page 250 and 251: 236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
Page 252 and 253: 238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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Page 256 and 257: 242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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Page 260 and 261: Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
Page 262 and 263: 248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
Page 264 and 265: 250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
Page 266 and 267: 252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
Page 268 and 269: 254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
Page 270 and 271: 256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
Page 272 and 273: 258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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Page 280 and 281: 266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
Page 282 and 283: 268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
Page 286 and 287: 2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
Page 290 and 291: STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
Page 292 and 293: 278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
Page 294 and 295: 280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
Page 296 and 297: 282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
Page 300 and 301: 286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
Page 302 and 303: ~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
Page 304 and 305: 290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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Page 308 and 309: ~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
Page 310 and 311: 296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
Page 312 and 313: 298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
Page 323 and 324: MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
Page 325 and 326: APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
Page 327 and 328: Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
Page 333 and 334: Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
Page 335 and 336: ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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Page 339 and 340: On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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