Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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452 David Denhamnortheast coast of Tasmania between 1883 and 1885. Biggs (1885) constructed hisinstruments 'to arrive at an estimate of the actual magnitude of the surface-motionof the earth; and to gain some idea of the position of the source, or focus, of thedisturbance". Biggs built a three-component instrument that recorded on smokedglass; unfortunately, none of these records are known to be extant.In 1888, H. C. Russell, government astronomer at Sydney, obtained a Ewingseismograph, and in the same year, a Gray-Mane was installed at the MelbourneObservatory (Doyle and Underwood, 1965). Records from these instruments alsoare not known to be extant.The seismological committees of the Australian and British Associations for theAdvancement of Science sponsored a program to establish the first world network ofseismographs, and in 1901 Milne instruments were obtained for Melbourne, Perthand Sydney. These were installed in 1901, 1902, and 1906, respectively, and in1909 an additional Milne was installed in Adelaide (Doyle and Underwood, 1965).Because the magnification of the Milne instruments was low (kc 6) and they wereunderdamped, few events would have been recorded by them.In the 1920's the situation improved considerably when Milne-Shaw seismographswere installed at Perth (1923), Adelaide (1924), and Melbourne (1928). Theseinstruments had a magnification in the range 150-250 and had magnetic damping.The valuable records from these instruments form the core of historical seismogramsfrom Australia. Meanwhile at the Riverview station near Sydney, which beganoperation in 1909, the instrumentation was gradually improved to make it the bestknown, and the best equipped, station in Australia for many years.Wiechert N-S and E-W seismographs operated from March 1909 until June1955; a Wiechert vertical seismograph operated from May 1909 until January 1944;Mainka N-S and EW seismographs operated from August 1910 until December1962; and Galitzin vertical, N-S and EW seismographs operated from January1941 until December 1962. All these instruments were calibrated regularly, andDrake (1985) has made a thorough study of their response characteristics. In his1985 paper Drake describes (1) where to find the instrumental constants of the seismographs,(2) how to find the magnification and phase lead from these constants,and (3) how the constants were determined.3. Historical SeismogramsSeismograms from the Melbourne, Perth and Riverview observatories form thebest historical sets. The Melbourne and Perth records have been properly archivedand readily available for several years. However, the Riverview records have onlyrecently been cataloged and archived. None of these seismograms have been microfilmedand many are fragile.Adelaide seismograms, which had been presumed lost for several years, wererecently found but they are not properly cataloged (S. Greenhalgh, Flinders University,South Australia, pers. com. 1985).Table 1 lists the periods of operation of the early seismographs and the availabilityof the records. The data from this table are based mainly on Doyle and Underwood(1965). Figure 1 shows locations of the early seismograph stations. The historicalseismograms from Australia are reasonably well cataloged and available. However,
His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A us tra lia 453Table 1. Australian Seismograph Stations, pre-1960.Station Station Operation Instrument Component Curator ofcodes dates seismogramsAdelaide IAdelaide I1AvonBrisbane IBrisbane I1CabramurraCanberraCharters TowersFort NelsonGeehiHall’s LagoonHeard IslandInveralochyJenolanJind abyneKurand aMacquarie IslandMawsonMelbourneMundaringPert hRiverviewSydneyTownsvilleWambrookWatherooWerombiWilkesADEAVOBRSCABCANC TAFNTGEEHLAHI1INVJNLJINKDAMCQMAWMELMUNPERRNSYDTVLWAh4WATWERWIL1909-19411924-19501958- 19621958-1937-19511943-195 11953-19631959-19721958-1957-1957-19621958-19681959-19701951-19541959-19721959-1958-19721959-19641951-19601956-1960195619591902- 19271928-19621955- 19561955-19561956-19621959-19621901- 19371923- 19641956-19641909-19551910-1941-1906- 1948195619651957- 19581958-1958-19591959-1957- 1966MMSBBMSBB, MSBBBWBBWAWBBWLWAGrLBMMSWAGrBBMMSCWtMaGMSWBBBPESISISIANUUQUQUQANUANUUQUTANUANUBMRANUANUANUUQBMRBMRBMRBMRBMRBMRBMRBMRBMRBMR (1)B m (1)BMR (1)BMRBMRBMRBMRUQBMRANUBMR (1)ANUBMRB = Benioff M = Milne W = WillmoreC = Columbia LP Ma = Mainka WL = Wilson-LamisonG = Galitzin MS = Milne-Shaw WA = Wood-AndersonGr = GrenetLB = bet-BlumbergPE = Press-EwingS = SprengnetherWt = WiechertANU = RRs. Sch. Earth Sci., Australian Nat. University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra, 2601.BMR = Bureau of Mineral Resources, P. 0. Box 378, Canberra, 2601.BMR (1) = Bureau of Mineral Resources, Mundaring, WA, 6073.SI = Sutton Institute of Earthquake Physics, P.O. Box 151, Eastwood, SA 5063.UQ = Dept. of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Queensland, QLD, 4067.UT = Dept. of Geology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7001.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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Page 415 and 416: SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
Page 417 and 418: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 421 and 422: ~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
Page 425 and 426: His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
Page 442 and 443: 428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477 and 478: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 479 and 480: Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493 and 494: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 495 and 496: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
Page 497 and 498: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 505: ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
Page 508 and 509: 494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
Page 510 and 511: 496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
Page 512 and 513: 498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
Page 515 and 516: INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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