Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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464 G. E. Fiedler 3.Figure 2. The Wiechert horizontal astatic mechanical seismograph installed in thehistorical Cagigal Observatory, Caracas. One observes on the right the inverted pendulumand one of the two air damping devices, adjustable from zero to aperiodic viscous damping.On the left the recording drum with the two recording pens. The price of this instrumentin 1931 was 1640 German Marks or US$ 500-600.Elevation (above sea level)Gravity (pendulum)Maximum variation, earth tidesGeomagnetic declination, 1960.0Variation per year of declinationGeomagnetic inclination, 1960.0Geomagnetic horizontal intensity 29,3007Geomagnetic vertical intensity 25,9377Geomagnetic total intensity 39,1307I, 035 meters978.03965 gals0.00026 gals (approx. observed)4' 44.2' w+6.3'4Io 04.5' N
Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded in Venezuela 4653. Description of the Historical Seismograms from VenezuelaThe absence of time marks and test records for instrumental calibration posesa large problem for accurate interpretation of these historical records. Anotherproblem is the interpretation of the seismograms themselves, as shown by the followingexample: In Centen+Grau (1940, p. 308), we find that the horizontal, twocomponentastatic Wiechert seismograph at Cagigal (OCV) recorded the first earthquakeon November 4, 1933, at 04:15 HLV. In the NNESSW direction, the durationof the record was about 1 minute. The earthquake was felt in the Barquisimeto-C dcut a- Merida-San Cristobal- Cucut a- Pamplon a region. Comparing this data tothat from the Earthquake Data File of the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center(1972), we have:OCV 1933 11/04 04:15 Felt Cdcuta-Pamplona, and Venezuelan AndesCGS 1933 11/04 08:41:15.0 9.000 N 72.000 W 000 0.0 M 101GUT 1933 11/04 08:41:17.0 8.500 N 72.000 W 000 6.0 Ms 101.Adding 4h 30m to the arrival time of an unknown phase recorded at OCV, we mustsubtract 3m 45s to obtain the origin time given by CGS, or 3m 43s for the GUTepicenter, which is located 55 km south of the CGS epicenter.The total duration of the seismogram recorded by OCV was 1 minute and theepicentral distances are 580 km (CGS), 600 km (GUT) and 700 to 750 km (regionCdcuta-Pamplona, where the real epicenter was first assumed). The duration of1 minute excludes the possibility that P-phases were recorded, because just thetime intervals of the arrival (Sg - Pg) or (Sn - Pn) for epicentral distances of580 km or more are longer than the mentioned duration of 1 minute. Probablythe small P-phases were not recognized by the station operator of that time andthe given onset therefore corresponds to the Sg-wave with a travel time of 2m 55scorresponding to the velocity of propagation of 3.3 km/sec. The error in origin timecalculated from that Sg-wave is 50 sec and this corresponds to only 9.19 mm on therecord, which is not bad if there were no minute marks. The main failing was in theinterpretation of the seismogram, and because of this, it appears that practicallyall seismograms from the former Cagigal Observatory (OCV) must be reanalyzed,if these important records are to be meaningfully used with other network data toimprove seismic maps and risk calculations.Between November 1933 and December 1953, the two-component Wiechert seismographat OCV recorded about 149 earthquakes, of which about 68 events (or 46percent) can be related to earthquakes published in the data files of GUT, CGS,and others.Table 1 gives the arrival time at Cagigal (OCV in this paper) in UTC, and theepicentral region of earthquakes for which the Pasadena (PAS) magnitude is 7 orlarger. Origin times are taken from the Earthquake Data File of the U.S. NationalGeophysical Data Center (1972). The earthquakes listed in Table 1 occurred in theregion 5's to 21'N and 55OW to 1OO"W. Because the OCV arrival times are not inall cases P-wave arrivals, reevaluation of the records is essential.
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
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Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
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Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
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His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
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IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
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174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
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182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
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188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
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202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
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204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
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206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
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EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
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2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
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212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by
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216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
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218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
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220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
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V. Earthquake History
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226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
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~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
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230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
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DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
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234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
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236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
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238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
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240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
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242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
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0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
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Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
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248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
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250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
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252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
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254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
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256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
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258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
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260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
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262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
Page 427 and 428: Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
Page 429 and 430: H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
Page 431 and 432: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 433 and 434: Historical Seismograms and the Micr
Page 435: Historical Seismograms in China 42
Page 438: 424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
Page 442 and 443: 428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
Page 444 and 445: 430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
Page 446 and 447: DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
Page 448 and 449: 434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
Page 450 and 451: ~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
Page 452 and 453: 438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
Page 454 and 455: 440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 456: 442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
Page 461 and 462: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
Page 463 and 464: Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
Page 465 and 466: HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
Page 467 and 468: His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
Page 469 and 470: SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
Page 471 and 472: 2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
Page 473 and 474: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 475 and 476: Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
Page 477: Historical Seismograms Recorded in
Page 481 and 482: THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
Page 483 and 484: The Historical Seismograms of Colom
Page 489 and 490: Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
Page 491 and 492: Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
Page 493 and 494: Seismological Measurement an Hong K
Page 495 and 496: A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
Page 497 and 498: History of the Seismological Observ
Page 505: ~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
Page 508 and 509: 494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
Page 510 and 511: 496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
Page 512 and 513: 498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
Page 515 and 516: INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
Page 517 and 518: Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
Page 519 and 520: Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
Page 521 and 522: Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
Page 523 and 524: Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
Page 525 and 526: Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
Page 527: Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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