Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

The Anatolian Earthquake of 17 August 1668 179Troilo, Franz Ferdinand von (1676).. . . orientalische Reise-Beschreibung . . . etc., pp. 577-578, Dresden.al-’Umari, Yasin (1796). Al-athar al-jaliya fi ’l-hawadith al-ardiya, fol. 216 v., Manuscript,Iraq Academy, Baghdad.APPENDIX 1A caravan cannot be trusted to do more than about 40 km a day on average.However, post riding by day alone and resting at night can accomplish 190 kmbetween dawn and leaving the saddle. Chapar-riding in Persia and eastern Turkeydoes 100 km a day quite comfortably (see, for instance, Curzon, 1966). Thus, forthe news of the destruction of Tokat to reach Izmir, a distance of 1050 km on thecaravan route via Bolu and Bursa, it should have taken an average of 26 days ofcaravan travel depending on the season of the year. Poullet covered this distancein 21 days in 1658, and Tavernier gives 35 days in 1632. Tournefort noted in 1701,that a camel caravan would take 40 days to cover the distance from Tokat to Izmirby the direct route without passing through Ankara or Bursa (which gives a slowdaily average of under 30 km per day), but that a mule caravan would take only 27days. A post courier would have taken only a week to 10 days to cover the samedistance with ease. News of the event could thus have reached Iamb well withinthe eighteen day period between the earthquake of 17 August and 4 September,the date on which news of the event was sent to Istanbul (Poullet, 1668; Tavernier,1681; Tournefort, 1717).APPENDIX 2The names of some of the towns and villages mentioned in Theatrum Europaeumand Dressdnische Gelehrte Anzeigen are so corrupted in their translation into Germanor Armenian transcription that their position is very difficult to determineat the present day. According to the order in which they are mentioned in thereports in these two sources, we have arrived at the following locations, aided byTaeschner’s concordance of Anatolian place-names (Taeschner, 1924).ANGORI is clearly Ankara, as BOLLE is Bolu, CASTOMME is Kastamonu,BEYZAZAR is Beypazari, and AMIAS is Ayas. STAMMAS suggests ‘Amasya,derived probably from the Greek Istamasia. The final syllable of MARANNOYappears to be a corruption of the Turkish -k6y for village, but this place remainsunidentified. The English traveller Newberie (Newberie, 1625) passed through SAR-DAEL in 1582, transcribing it as Searradella, which is the modern Zara, and shouldnot be confused with a larger place of the same name to the northeast of Sivas.CESARIA/COSARIA is modern Ilgaz, known in earlier times as Kochisar. It hasbeen variously transcribed in European travellers’ accounts as Cosizar (Tavernier,1681), Cagiassar (d’Aramon), Cojaste (Howel, 1791) and Kodjehisar (Otter, 1747).The locations of COUJAM and LISTRIEN remain in doubt, as does that of DER-BEN, a common place name in its Turkish form of Derbend, indicating a pass ordefile. ISARNO may be Asarcik, formerly Hisarcik, which lies to the northwest ofResadiye, a rather tenuous identification: d’Aramon knew this place as Assarguict.CACHETTE, may be tentatively equated with Koyulhisar, d’Aramon’s Coyouassar:the caravanserai destroyed here may well have been the Haci Murad Han, lyinga little distance from the town itself. NABUZZIO, described as lying in a valley