Historical Seismograms - Evidence from the AD 2000 Izu Islands ...

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2 14 D. Mun"oz and A. Udiasgiven by Herrman et al. (1978) for earthquakes in California and Central UnitedStates. Although the attenuation of Spanish earthquakes is more similar to thatof California than of Central United States, a mean value of both places has beentaken. For the radius of intensity VI we have taken 135 km, a mean between themaximum 175 km and the minimum 100 km. Using this value, the area obtainedis 1.2 x lo5 km2 and resulting seismic momentM, = 1.25 x 101'Nm. (4)A comparison of this earthquake with that occurred between Granada and MBlagathe 25th of December of 1884 with maximum intensity IX (Udias and Muiioz, 1979)is of interest. Although the maximum intensity seems to have been higher in 1884,the area of intensity VI is one order of magnitude smaller. Also, the 1680 earthquakewas felt with greater intensity in Madrid, even though its epicenter was more distant.The extent of the felt area and the fact that no aftershocks are mentioned anywhereseem to substantiate the fact that this was a deeper shock.Evaluation of damage in the city of Mdlaga has been made from all existingdocuments, but in first place we base our analysis on the Act of the Notary ofthe Episcopal Audience of MBlaga, the 15th of October of 1680, where the numberof houses, churches and convents that suffered damage is specified, as well as thekind of damage affecting them. This information is presented on a contemporarymap in Figure 4. Location of churches and convents has been identified in the mapand the extent of damage is shown by the black sections of the circles. Numbersin the map situating the buildings correspond to those of Table 2. Four conventswere destroyed and two had to be abandoned after the earthquake. The city ofMdlaga was divided into four parishes. The Act gives the total number of houses ineach parish, and the number houses that suffered total destruction, heavy damage,etc. This permits a calculation for each parish of the percentages of the damagesuffered by the buildings. These percentages are represented in the large circles ofFigure 4 for each individual parish; complete destruction is shown in black, heavydamage in narrow lines, appreciable damage in wide lines and light damage in dots.Heaviest damage is located in the parishes of San Juan and Santos Mjrtires with39 persons dead, 87 injured, and total destruction of nearly 25% of all buildingsand appreciable damage of between 50% and 65%. In the parish of San Juan, thedistrict of Percheles, located on the alluvial deposit of the Guadalmedina River,was almost totally ruined. In Table 2, a summary of the damage suffered by eachof the four parishes of the city of Mdlaga is presented. Of a total of 4320 houses,795 were destroyed, 355 suffered serious damage, 2385 considerable damage and 635moderate damage. This means that practically all houses were somewhat affectedby the earthquake. Personal casualties are given as 42 dead and 110 injured. Allthese numbers are based on the Notarial Act mentioned above.In Figure 5, a present day map of the city of MQlaga is presented, where theoutline of the limits of the 1600 city has been drawn. It can be seen that majordevelopment has taken place to the west, precisely where damage from this earthquakewas most intense. As has been mentioned before this zone is built on recentsedimentary terrain of the Guadalmedina and Guadalhorce Rivers. This part of thecity can be expected to suffer heaviest damage in the case of a future earthquakesimilar to that of 1680. In that event it is not sure what will be the behaviour ofthe modern structures, most of them reinforced concrete.
The Mdlaga Earthquake of 9 October 1680 215WFigure 4. Map of Mdlaga with damage sites identified.4. ConclusionsCompilation and critical analysis of historical documents concerning the earthquakeof 9 October 1680, has led to the assessment of how it was felt and how muchdamage was produced in more than 38 localities in Spain. From the intensity datathe following parameters have been determined: macroseismic epicenter coordinates36.7' N, 4.7' W; focal depth about 50 km; maximum intensity VIII-IX (MSK); estimatedmagnitude 7 and seismic moment 10'' Nm; attenuation coefficient 6.Though not the most destructive one, this earthquake is probably the one withlargest magnitude in southern Spain since 1500. If this analysis proves to be correct,seismic risk in southern Spain may have to be revised since it is now biased towardhigher hazard in the Granada area.The analysis of historical sources has shown that documents must be judgedvery critically, establishing which ones provide first hand information and whichare the literary genera used in each case. Also knowledge of the socioeconomicalsituation, demographic conditions, building characteristics, etc. is necessary to a
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Historical SeismogramsandEarthquake
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ToJames F. Landerfor his leadership
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viContentsThe Status, Importance, a
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...VlllEarthquake History of Califo
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XMicrofilming of Historical Seismog
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PrefaceA symposium on Historical Se
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I. Introduction
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4 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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6 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K. S
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8 W. H. h‘. Lee, H. Meyers, and K
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10 W. H. K. Lee, IT. Meyers, and K.
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12 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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14 W. H. K. Lee, H. Meyers, and K.
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IMPORTANCE OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM
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18 Hiroo KanamoriTable Ib. Some Lar
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-60'1 1904-1985-M, >8.01II\I'.iPlus
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22 Hiroo Kanamorievents often have
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~~~24 Hiroo KanamoriThatcher et al.
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26 Hiroo Kanamo riIf relatively com
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28 Hiroo Kanamori9. Difficulties in
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30 Hiroo KanamoriNagamune, T. (1971
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32 Hiroo KanamoriI I I I I1000100z
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11. Analysis of Historical Seismogr
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38 Kat su y uki A beaddition to thi
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42 Katsuyuki Abe20:oow19:302-I--Ia
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44 Katsuyuki AbeIn the present stud
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46 Katsuyuki AbeTable 3. Sinkiang E
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~48 Katsuyuki AbeSieh (1978) and ot
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50 Katsuyuki AbeREFERENCESAbe, K. (
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52 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleFRG'.L.-
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54 E. Hurtig and G. Kowalle2.2 Reco
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56 E. Hurtig and G. KowalleREFERENC
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58 N. V. Kondorskaya and Yu. F. Kop
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THE STATUS, IMPORTANCE, AND USE OFH
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66 Ota Kulhdnek1 8 35lo. r 1s ' 20
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68 Ota Kulhdnek1 UPP EW SEP 9 1954
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ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS
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72 S. K. Singhfrom Uppsala. We also
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74S. K. SinghN1 1Oaxaca-X .-x x- x
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76S. K. SinghESKUPPWIECHERT ELPZ A-
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78 S. K. SinghJdFJ-22 Feb 1943Ms=7.
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80 S. K. SinghDE BlLT (DBN) Z$I = 3
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82 S. K. Singh7. The Great Jalisco,
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84 S. K. SinghREFERENCESAbe, K. (19
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86 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. W
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94S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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96S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A. Wi
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100 S. Stein, E. A. Okal and D. A.
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RECENT ACTIVITIES AT THE INTERNATIO
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S.S. Felt and Damaging EarthquakesI
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In t e r na tio n a1 Se is mo logic
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1. IntroductionCatalogue of Chinese
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (M
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes (A
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DATA BASES ON HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
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Data Bases on Historical Seismicity
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COMPILATION AND PROCESSING OF HISTO
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Compilation and Processing of Histo
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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The U. S. Geological Survey's Datab
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~ ~The U. 5‘. Geological Survey
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The U. S. Geological Survey’s Dat
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Catalog of Large and Damaging Earth
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YCatalog of Large and Damaging Eart
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YM D h m1918 2 9 20 461918 2 13 6 7
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Page 177 and 178: His to ric al Mate ria Is of Chine
Page 179 and 180: Historic a1 Mate rials of Chinese E
Page 181 and 182: Historical Materials of Chinere Ear
Page 183 and 184: His t o r ical Mate rials of Chin e
Page 185: IV. Individual Historical Earthquak
Page 188 and 189: 174 N. N. Ambraseys and C. F. Finke
Page 196 and 197: 182 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 198 and 199: 184 N. N. Ambraseys and C. P. Melvi
Page 202 and 203: 188 N. N. Arnbraseys and C. P. Melv
Page 216 and 217: 202G. E. Fiedler B.FI1 IFigure 1. T
Page 218 and 219: 204 G. E. Fiedler B.Figure 3. The S
Page 220 and 221: 206 G. E. Fiedler B.Origin time Epi
Page 222 and 223: EVALUATION OF DAMAGE AND SOURCE PAR
Page 224 and 225: 2 10 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3. Evalu
Page 226 and 227: 212 D. Muiioz and A. Udias3 wFigure
Page 230 and 231: 216 D. Muioz and A. UdiasTable 2. D
Page 232 and 233: 218 D. Munot and A. UdiasGentil, P.
Page 234 and 235: 220 D. Muiioz and A. UdiasArchivo M
Page 237: V. Earthquake History
Page 240 and 241: 226 M. DeBecker and T. CamelbeeckAt
Page 242 and 243: ~~228 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeck
Page 244 and 245: 230 M. DeBecker and T. Camelbeeek10
Page 246 and 247: DOCUMENTING NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKES
Page 248 and 249: 234 G. A. EabyFrom a seismic point
Page 250 and 251: 236 G. A. EibyImmediate practical p
Page 252 and 253: 238 G. A. Eibynorth-west; but subsi
Page 254 and 255: 240 G. A. Eibywith near-earthquake
Page 256 and 257: 242 Pao Hua Lee120 121 122 123Figur
Page 258 and 259: 0.3244 Pao Hua Lee(3) Ryukyu-Taiwan
Page 260 and 261: Pa0 Hua LeeTable 2. Major Earthquak
Page 262 and 263: 248 Pao Hua LeeTable 2. (Continued
Page 264 and 265: 250 Pao Hua Lee‘. . . an earthqua
Page 266 and 267: 252 Pao Hua LeeREFERENCESCentral We
Page 268 and 269: 254 S. Prac h ua b21I151 O0IFigure
Page 270 and 271: 256 S. PrachuabTable 1. 12 Seismic
Page 272 and 273: 258 S. Prac h u a bTable 2. (Contin
Page 274 and 275: 260S. Prachuab94" 96" 98" 1 ooo2ac2
Page 276 and 277: 262 S. Prachuab.17 MAY 1955EMrliCUA
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:;13264 S. Prachuab0 .me.0 . .eeee0
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266 S. Prac hua b005 6 7MAGNITUDEFi
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268 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, an
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2 72 T. R. Toppozada, C. R. Real, a
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STUDY OF HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES IN
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278 Tatsuo Usarni(3) Documents publ
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280 Tatsuo Usarnin5nlob0D KyotoKama
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282 Tatsuo Usami:.:.., ........ L,/
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284 Tatsuo Usami(2) A tsunami attac
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286 Tatsuo Usami1897lntenrLFigure 6
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~ ~~~~288 Tatsuo UsamiTable 4. Occu
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290 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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n09n08n001NoZlNobIn091n081N 002
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~ ~~294 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C.
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296 R. G. Valenzuela and L. C. Garc
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298 R. Muir Wood, G. Woo, and H. Bu
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MAGNITUDE-FAULT LENGTH RELATIONSHIP
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APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICSIN
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Applications of Fuzzy Mathematics 3
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Applications of Fuzzy hluthematics
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ON THE SEISMICITY OF THE MIDDLEASTS
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uca,m a,kma,.IY kfi30 uhd
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On the Seismicity of the Middle Eas
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On the Seismicity oj the Middle Eas
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HISTORICAL SEISMICITY AND EARTHQUAK
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Historical Seismic it y and Earthqu
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fIistorica1 Seismicity and Earthquu
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Historical Seismicity and Earthquak
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PATTERN ANALYSIS OF SMALL EARTHQUAK
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Pattern Analysis of Small Earthquak
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Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Zones
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--_-Earthquakes and Deep Fracture Z
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAM FILMING PROJE
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~~Historical Seismogram Filming Pro
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Historical Seismogram Filming Proje
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Filming Seismograms and Related Mat
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Digitization and Processing of J.M.
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SOME REMARKS ON HISTORICAL SEISMOGR
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Historical Seismograms and the Micr
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~~~~Historical Seismograms and the
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His torical Se is mogru ms and the
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Historical Sezs mogra ms and the Ma
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H1s t o rical Seismograms a nd the
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Historical Seismograms in China 42
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424 Kezin Qua History of Chinese Se
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428 Kexin Qu8. Plans for the Near F
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430 0. Ye. Starovoita station, its
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DAT ANDTHE STANDARDIZATION OF SEISM
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434 Y. Tamura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe, a
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~ So.i436 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M.
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438 Y. Tarnura, H. Sasaki, M. Ooe,
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440 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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442 Yasuhiro Umeda and Katsuyoshi I
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS IN ITALYR. C
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Historical Seismograms in Italy 449
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HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS FROM AUSTRAL
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His to rical Se is mog ra ms From A
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SEISMOGRAMS MADE BEFORE 1963 AT STA
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2. New ZealandSeismograms Before 19
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Seismograms Before 1963 in the Sout
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Historical Seismograms Recorded in
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Hist orieal Se is mograms Reeo rded
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THE HISTORICAL SEISMOGRAMS OF COLOM
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The Historical Seismograms of Colom
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Helwan Historical Seismograms 475Al
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Se is mo log ic a1 Mea s use me n t
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Seismological Measurement an Hong K
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A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEISMOLOGICA
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History of the Seismological Observ
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~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~Historical Seismogram
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494 Sergio S. Su, S. J.Figure S. Se
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496 Sergao S. Su, S. J.Figure 7. Ce
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498 K. L. SuendsenDominican Republi
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INDEXAAbuyama Seismological Observa
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Index 503China, see also Taiwan466
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Indez505HIHalin seismograph, 421Haw
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Index 507Karuizawa, 417Kobe, 117, 1
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Index 509PPacific Ocean1943 Malpelo
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Index 511Sri Lanka, Colombo station
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Index 513Wood-Anderson seismographW
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