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chapter 10Standardising the management and therepresentation of multilingual dataThe Multi Lingual Information FrameworkSamuel Cruz-Lara, Nadia Bellalem,Julien Ducret, and Isabelle KramerLORIA / INRIA, Nancy UniversityDue to the critical role that normalisation plays during the translation andlocalisation processes, we propose here to analyse some standards, as well asthe related software tools that are used by professional translators and by severalautomatic translating services. We will first point out the importance ofnormalisation within the translation and localisation activities. Next, we willintroduce a methodology of standardisation, whose objective is to harmonisethe management and the representation of multilingual data. The control of theinteroperability between the industrial standards currently used for localisation[XLIFF], translation memory [TMX], or with some recent initiatives such as theinternationalisation tag set [ITS], constitutes a major objective for a coherentand global management of multilingual data. The Multi Lingual InformationFramework MLIF [ISO AWI 24616] is based on a methodology of standardisationresulting from the ISO (sub-committees TC37/SC3 “Computer Applicationsfor Terminology” and SC4 “Language Resources Management”). MLIF aims atproposing a high-level abstract specification platform for a computer-orientedrepresentation of multilingual data within a large variety of applications such astranslation memories, localisation, computer-aided translation, multimedia, orelectronic document management. The major benefit of MLIF is interoperabilitybecause it allows experts to gather, under the same conceptual model, varioustools and representations related to multilingual data. In addition, MLIF shouldalso make it possible to evaluate and to compare these multilingual resourcesand tools.1. IntroductionThe extremely fast evolution of the technological development in the sector ofCommunication and Information Technologies, and in particular, in the field of
152 Samuel Cruz-Lara et al.natural language processing, makes particularly acute the question of standardisation.The issues related to this standardisation are of an industrial, economic andcultural nature. Nowadays, an increasing number of standards are frequently beingused within most scientific and technical domains. Translation and localisationactivities just cannot remain isolated from this important and novel situation. Theadvantages of normalisation are currently fully recognised by most professionaltranslators: using standards means working with a high level of quality, performance,and reliability within a very important market that is becoming more andmore global and thus more and more challenging. Indeed, the standards combinesimplicity and economy by reducing the planning and production costs, andby unifying several kinds of terminology (i.e., validated vocabulary) and severalkinds of products. At the national and international levels, standards stimulate cooperationbetween different communities of trade while ensuring interoperabilitywithin information exchanges and reliability of all generated results by using standardisedmethods and procedures; this is why normative information has becamefundamental.The scope of research and development within the localisation and translationmemory process development is very large. Several industrial standards havebeen developed: TMX, XLIFF, OLIF, etc. However, when we closely examine thesedifferent standards or formats by subject field, we find that they have many overlappingfeatures. All the formats aim at being user-friendly, easy-to-learn, and atreusing existing databases or knowledge. All these formats work well in the specificfield they are designed for, but they lack the synergy that would make theminteroperable when using one type of information in a slightly different context.Modelisation corresponds to the need to describe and compare existing interchangeformats in terms of their informational coverage and the conditions ofinteroperability between these formats, and hence the source data generated inthem. One of the issues here is to explain how a uniform way of documentingsuch data that takes into account the heterogeneity of both their formats and theirdescriptors.We also seek to answer the demand for more flexibility in the definition ofinterchange formats so that any new project may define its own data organisationwithout losing interoperability with existing standards or practices. Such anattempt should lead to more general principles and methods for analysing existingmultilingual databases and mapping them onto any chosen multilingualinterchange format.
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IndexAAfrican language translatorX,
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Index 217Expert Advisory Group onLa
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Index 219open standards 206, 208,21
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27 Beylard-Ozeroff, Ann, Jana Král
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