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Chapter 4. CORPÓGRAFO V.4 675.3 Using database information to harvest further texts onlineStatistics can be generated automatically from the information in the database toshow the frequency and co-occurrence of the terms or expressions in the textsin the corpora. The objective, apart from providing information on the lexicalor terminological relevance of the texts, is to use the information to extractnew texts from the Internet. There is now a tool, similar to BootCat (Baroni &Bernardini 2004) to select the terms from this evidence and bootstrap further textsfrom the net.6. Applications to translator educationIt is very possible that, at this point, some people may wonder how far all this isapplicable to translator education and how far it is the result of becoming involvedin a natural language processing project. Why develop such tools if what the translationmarket needs is people trained to use the commercially available software?Perhaps the answer lies in the distinction between ‘training’ and ‘education’ 5 .The fact that ‘training’ is still associated with translators reflects the long-standingattitude in academic institutions towards translation as subsidiary skill. The introductionof translation technology, rather than enhancing the position of theprofessional translator, both within academia and in the market, has actually contributedto the image of the translator as a ‘translation machine’, despite the factthat online machine translation has done something to correct the idea that itcan substitute the human translator completely, at least in the foreseeable future.If universities continue to ‘train’ the translator to use the commercially availablesoftware, they will merely be contributing to the ‘translation machine’ image andemphasize skills similar to those formerly expected of secretaries trained to type ortake shorthand at high levels of words per minute. On the other hand, if studentsare ‘educated’ to use technology to better understand and use language in generaland translation in particular, the results will be more satisfactory for all concerned.Another factor that exacerbates the low prestige of professional translationin the academic community is the tendency to encourage junior staff to focustheir research on the more literary and cultural interests that essentially constituteTranslation Studies, rather than on the growing, but still novel, areas of researchinto special domain language, multi-modal communication, terminology and relatedareas.There have been several attempts to dignify professional translation. One ofthese is the European Commission’s Directorate of Translation’s initiative to estab-5. Please see the work by Bernardini and Castagnoli (this volume) connecting corpora andtranslation education.
68 Belinda MaialishaEuropeanMaster’sinTranslation(EMT), 6 which explicitly states that one ofits goals is to “enhance the value of translation as a profession within the EU”. Themodel for a Master’s curriculum proposed at the 2006 EMT event includes trainingin “text/discourse analysis, terminology work, information technology for translation,linguistic awareness, and special fields and their languages”, all areas that canuse the technology described above. Let us hope that this initiative will encouragenot just education but also research in these areas.7. Final noteThe Corpógrafo (http://www.linguateca.pt/corpografo) can be accessed throughthe Linguateca website and is at present freely available. For server managementreasons, access is restricted to users with a username and password. These maybe obtained by filling in a form on the Corpógrafo web page and returning itvia e-mail. For technical reasons, it has not yet been possible to provide an Englishversion of the Corpógrafo, but there is also a tutorial in both languages, aPortuguese/English glossary of instructions and an FAQ in English.ReferencesAijmer, K & B. Altenberg (eds.) (2004) Advances in Corpus Linguistics.Amsterdam:Rodopi.Almeida, S. (2006) Pesquisa de Informação Terminológica: dos Marcadores Lexicais aos PadrõesSuporte. Um Estudo no Domínio dos Riscos Naturais – Cheias. Porto: FLUP.Almeida, J. J. (ed.) (2003) CP3A – Corpora Paralelos, Aplicações e Algoritmos Associados. Braga:Universidade do Minho.Baroni, M. and S. Bernardini (2004) BootCaT: Bootstrapping corpora and terms from the Web.In Proceedings of LREC 2004. Paris:ELRA/ELDA.Bennison, P. and L. Bowker (2000) Designing a tool for Exploiting Bilingual ComparableCorpora. In Proceedings of LREC 2000. Paris:ELRA/ELDA.Benson, M., E. Benson & R. Ilson (1986) The BBI combinatory dictionary of English: A guide toword combinations. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Bernardini, S. and F. Zanettin (eds.) (2000) I corpora nella didattica della traduzione. Bologna:CLUEB.Biber, D., S. Johansson, G. Leech, S. Conrad, and E. Finegan (1999) Longman Grammar of Spokenand Written English. Harlow: Longman.Blank, I. (2000) Terminology extraction from parallel technical texts. In Véronis, J. (ed.)Boguraev, B., J. I. Tait & M. Palmer (2005) (eds.) Natural Language Engineering Journal,Vol. 11, Special Issue 03. R. Mitkov, Journal Series Editor. Cambridge Journals(http://journals.cambridge.org).6. For information see http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/external_relations/universities/master_en.htm
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chapter 9BEYTransA Wiki-based envir
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chapter 10Standardising the managem
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chapter 12Linguistic resources and
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IndexAAfrican language translatorX,
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Index 217Expert Advisory Group onLa
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Index 219open standards 206, 208,21
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27 Beylard-Ozeroff, Ann, Jana Král
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