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Chapter 1. Bilingual concordancers and translation memories 19merely for inspiration without feeling constrained by choices made previously tosuit other clients or text types.ThedecisionofwhethertouseaTMoraBCmayalsodependonthetranslator’spreferred working style. Just as some drivers prefer driving a car with amanual transmission over one with an automatic transmission, some translatorsmay favour a system that does a greater degree of automatic text processing (e.g.,TM), while others may opt for one that does less (e.g., BC).Another relevant issue may be the amount of experience the translator has.A translator who is very experienced may prefer the flexibility offered by a BC,which allows him to look up only those expressions for which he needs help. Incontrast, a translator who is just embarking on his career may value the fact that aTM automatically makes suggestions for all types of text strings.A final factor that may come into play could be cost. A single licence for a BCtypically costs less than $200 (US), whereas a single licence for a limited version 12of a TM retails for closer to $1000 (US). It is true that there are usually additionalfeatures present with TM software (e.g., termbase, term extraction tool), and ifthese features will be used, then the additional cost may be worthwhile. However,if a translator intends to use mainly the concordancing feature of a tool, then itmay be preferable to purchase a more modestly priced BC.In closing, it is also worth pointing out that technology is continuing to develop,and a new class of tools is beginning to emerge which seeks to combines thebest features of both BCs and TMs in an effort to offer users the greatest amount offlexibility to meet their varying needs. As reported by Lagoudaki (2007), a surveycarried out by Imperial College London 13 of 874 translators, of which 82.5% claimto use TMs, revealed some interesting findings, including suggestions for futuredirections in the development of TM systems. For instance, respondents indicatedthat they feel “segmentation should move towards translation units of a smallersize – at phrase level instead of sentence level – so that TM systems can have morechances of finding matches” (Lagoudaki 2007:76). Another request is for a TM systemto show “the actual context – some lines of text before and after the match –that will make the translator feel a greater certainty about his or her choice ofthe right translation” (Lagoudaki 2007:78). Meanwhile, Gervais (2006) reports onthe results of another survey – this one conducted by the translation technologydevelopment company MultiCorpora R&D – where translators were asked whatchanges to TM tools would be necessary in order to achieve a wider adoption and12. “Freelance” or “lite” versions may restrict database or termbase size or may lack networkcapabilities. “Professional” versions may cost several thousand dollars.13. The full Translation Memories Survey 2006 is available at http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/portallive/docs/1/7307707.pdf
20 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowgreater benefit realisation from those tools. Once again, the responses includedrequestsforeasyaccesstofullcontextratherthanjustasinglesegment,andtheability to effectively recycle expressions of any length (including terms, phrases,sentences and even paragraphs). A further request was for a way to eliminate thetime-consuming and labour-intensive TM alignment validation step. Interestingly,these requests for improvements to TMs correspond to some of the features thatare already offered by BCs.As noted previously, some of the strengths of BCs include the possibility ofsearching for shorter patterns, such as phrases or expressions, and the possibilityof viewing the retrieved matches in full context, which in turn allows for thepossibility of having a less rigid alignment process. If these BC features are integratedinto a TM system, users may well get the best of both worlds. In the opinionof Gervais (2006: 48), a tool such as MultiTrans, 14 which he refers to as a “nextgenerationTM”, meets all these criteria, thus combining some of the strengths ofboth BCs and TMs. Only time will tell whether this new hybrid tool will actuallyreplace BCs and TMs, or whether it will find its own niche as a complementarysolution.ReferencesAllen, J. (2003) Post-editing. In Somers, H. (ed.), Computers and Translation: A Translator’sGuide. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 297–317.Arrouart, C. (2003) Les mémoires de traduction et la formation universitaire : quelques pistesde réflexion. In Meta 48 (3): 476–479.Arrouart, C. and C. Bédard (2001) Éloge du bitexte. In Circuit 73, 30.Austermühl, F. (2001) Electronic Tools for Translators. Manchester: St. Jerome Publishing.Barlow, M. (2000) Parallel Texts in Language Teaching. In Botley, S., T. McEnery and A. Wilson(eds) Multilingual Corpora in Teaching and Research, Amsterdam: Rodopi, 106–115.Bédard, C. (1995) L’automatisation: faut-il y croire. In Circuit 48, 28.Bédard, C. (1998) Ce qu’il faut savoir sur les mémoires de traduction. In Circuit 60, 25.Bédard, C. (2000) Mémoire de traduction cherche traducteur de phrases. . . In Traduire.Sociétéfrançaise des traducteurs, Paris: INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST, 186: 41–49.Bernardini, S. (2002) Educating Translators for the Challenges of the New Millennium: ThePotential of Parallel Bi-directional Corpora. In Maia, B., J. Haller & M. Ulrych (eds.)Training the Language Services Provider for the New Millennium, 173–186. Faculdade deLetras da Universidade do Porto.Biau Gil, J. R. (2004) SDLX 2004. Translating Today Magazine, 1: 40–41.Bowker, L. (2002a) Computer-Assisted Translation Technology: A Practical Introduction. Ottawa:University of Ottawa Press.14. For more information on MultiTrans, see http://www.multicorpora.com
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70 Belinda MaiaMaia, B. and L. Sarm
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chapter 8Global content managementC
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Chapter 8. Global content managemen
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chapter 9BEYTransA Wiki-based envir
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Chapter 9. BEYTrans 137Trans system
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chapter 10Standardising the managem
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Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
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chapter 11Tagging and tracing Progr
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chapter 12Linguistic resources and
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IndexAAfrican language translatorX,
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Index 217Expert Advisory Group onLa
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Index 219open standards 206, 208,21
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Benjamins Translation LibraryA comp
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27 Beylard-Ozeroff, Ann, Jana Král
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