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Chapter 12. Linguistic resources and localisation 207calisation environment, complying with many of the requirements and boundariesoutlined here so far.4. Linguistic infrastructure for localisation 2.0The term “Localisation 2.0”, first coined by Lionbridge’s CEO Rory Cowan in2005, is a reference to Web 2.0 and is an umbrella term referring to “next generation”automated electronic content localisation workflow. Although industryanalysts Common Sense Advisory mock the L10N 2.0 term as a meaningless buzzwordto anyone but localisation industry insiders (Global Watchtower 2007) therepeated use of this term in the printed media and even by Common Sense Advisorysignifies recognition of a new evolutionary era in the localisation industry.The Localisation 2.0 era is based on a number of significant technical and businessdevelopments in the industry:– Growing maturity and industry adoption of localisation related XML contentIndustry Standards such as W3C’s ITS (Internationalisation Tag Set), OASIS’XLIFF, Translation Web Services and DITA, and LISA OSCAR’s TMX andTBX. These standards enable seamless unification of enterprise content authoringand management within the localisation process. The net effect ofusing these standards is an increase in content reuse (original source as well aslocalised target content), a reduction in time to market for localised content,and elimination of most of the manual labour associated with localisation (e.g.desktop publishing (DTP), file management, manual testing and translation).– Globalisation Management Systems (GMS) availability as hosted Software asa Service (SaaS) enables wider market access and awareness of optimised enterpriselocalisation automation workflow systems. GMS’ in the past havebeen inaccessible due to their very high entry price point as well as very highrunning costs. The “pay-in-advance” model for GMS systems is now beingreplaced with the SaaS “pay-as-you-go” model. Since 2006, the industry hasseen major LSP’s and tools vendors SDL, Lionbridge and others offer muchlower cost hosted GMS solutions. Lionbridge is offering free user registrationfor its GMS Freeway 2.0, and has already registered over 10,000 users. Industryreports suggest fast growing demand for lower cost SaaS GMS solutions willcontinue.– Availability and commercial adoption of Free / Libre Open Source (FLOSS)tools and technology continues to grow. Robust and highly efficient OpenSource operating systems such as Linux and enterprise systems componentsand tools such as MySQL database and Hibernate framework, and Eclipsedevelopment environment have forever changed the revenue model for soft-
208 Reinhard Schälerware products from payment. The Commercial Open Source model has beenproven a successful business model in other industry sectors such as CRMand ERP. At present, there is no end-to-end FLOSS GMS solution availableto the market. ]project open[ comes close, but it is geared to managing localisationservices providers’ business administration and invoicing requirements.]project open[ lacks CMS integration capabilities and is not based onXML based web services, content management or most localisation industrystandards (TMX excluded). Finally, although not Open Source, Lionbridge’sFreeway 2.0’s free user registration provides evidence that customers of localisationservices are seeking robust but inexpensive (or possibly free) technologysolutions to address content localisation challenges.The challenges of the Localisation 2.0 paradigm require the localisation industry tobecome one of the early adaptors of language technologies. Yet, up to very recently,few concerted efforts had been undertaken to create a robust infrastructure for thelocalisation industry comprising language data, tools and standards.In 2005, five European organisations, all stakeholders in different aspects oflocalisation, formed the IGNITE consortium to work out a model for Localisation2.0. The consortium was coordinated by the Localisation Research Centre (LRC)at the University of Limerick and had four industrial partners:– Archetypon, a Greek-based IT developer and localisation service provider– Pass Engineering, a leading German-based localisation tools and technologydeveloper– VeriTest, a division of Lionbridge, based in Ireland and world leader in standardscompliance testing– Vivendi Games, one of the world’s leading video games developers based inIrelandIGNITE proposes a radical new approach to localisation that aims to disruptthe way localisation is done today. Its approach is based on open standards,tried, tested and further developed using linguistic resources developed within theproject. Its implementation, finalised in early 2007 at the Localisation ResearchCentre (LRC), is a prototype. It is not ready to be used (yet) in a live productionenvironment, but it is capable of demonstrating a real version of localisation 2.0that has the potential to shake up the industry as we know it.We will now introduce the major components of IGNITE developed by theconsortium over a two year period, namely:– IGNITE Information Repository– Standards and Tools Certification– Localisation Memory– Localisation Factory
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34 Silvia Hansen-Schirrarealisation
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36 Silvia Hansen-Schirratranslation
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chapter 3Corpora for translator edu
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60 Belinda Maiabeen translated by m
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64 Belinda MaiaSearchablecorporaenc
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66 Belinda Maia- Find definition ca
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70 Belinda MaiaMaia, B. and L. Sarm
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90 Rachélle GautonIzwaini (2003:17
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92 Rachélle Gautonneeded by the Ba
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106 Rachélle GautonMcEnery, A. and
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chapter 8Global content managementC
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chapter 10Standardising the managem
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