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178 Naotaka Kato and Makoto ArisawaFigure 3. The statistical data for Windows XP (SP2) PIIvertical axis, the result is the total number of the PII strings with that number ofappearances.For example, “Name” appears 333 times. Alternatively, 333 PII keys have thestring “Name”. The only string that appears 333 times is the string “Name” andtherefore that string is plotted at (333, 1). The string “Align Left” appears threetimes. There are 3,882 unique strings that appear three times and these strings areplotted at (3, 3882) in the right side of Fig. 2. There are 172,058 keys in CATIA PIIand there is a point plotted at (1, 69815). This plot means that 69,815 PII keys haveonly one unique string in the PII files, whereas all of the other strings in the otherkeys are not unique in the PII files. Therefore those other keys, about 100,000 keys,cannot be identified uniquely when such a string appears in the GUI.The statistical results for the Microsoft Windows XP (SP2) PII are shown inFig. 3. We see almost the same characteristics as for CATIA. We used the “MicrosoftGlossary” data found on the Internet (Microsoft 2005) and analysed that data.Microsoft calls a collection of “PII strings” a Glossary. We checked 122 applicationsand OS files for the Microsoft PII. We found that all of the applications have similarcharacteristics.2.2.2 Statistical characteristics of the PII strings and difficulties in the translationof the PII stringsOur statistical observations give us two facts. First, most PII strings are short. Consequentlytranslators have to translate short phrases without context. This task isso difficult that many PII strings receive inappropriate translations. Second, thesame PII strings are often repeated in PII files. If grep is used to find the sourcelocation of those repeated PII strings, there are many candidates for the source