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Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Program Integrated Information 193Assume that the original language is English and the target language isJapanese. We can define a virtual country 00 and a virtual variant TVT. The virtualcountry uses English with ID tags. The virtual variant uses Japanese with ID tags.If the abcd.properties file is an English PII file and the abcd_ja.properties file is aJapanese PII file, the full set of properties files will be:(A) abcd.properties(B) abcd_ja.properties(C) abcd_ja_00.properties(D) abcd_ja_00_TVT.propertiesThe file (A) is an English PII file. File (B) is a Japanese PII file. File (C) is an EnglishPII with ID tags. File (D) is a Japanese PII with ID tags. Following are examples ofakey1lineineachfile.(A) key1=Link Manager1(B) key1= 1(C) (E7d28.22)Link Manager1(D) (J7d24.22) 1If this application starts without setting -Duser in a Japanese OS environment, ituses the file (B) Japanese PII strings. If the application cannot find a key in File (B),it displays the data from the File (A) English PII strings. If this application startswith the following -Duser options,-Duser.language=ja-Duser.country=00-Duser.variant=TVTthen the application program selects the virtual country 00 and the variant TVT.It displays the File (D) Japanese PII strings with ID tags. If it cannot find a key inFile (D), it displays the data in File (C), the English PII strings with ID tags.In this way, we do not need to replace the PII files to shift between the purePII files and the PII files with ID tags for testing. This Java approach is not thestandard approach to switch the PII files for testing. Programming languages needto offer switching functions that help the TVT testers. We hope that this articlehelps computer scientists understand what functions of localisation are requiredfor programming languages and programming environments.
194 Naotaka Kato and Makoto Arisawa6. ConclusionThere are two major problems in PII translation. One is the PII translation problemitself, and the other one is the verification problem. This chapter has focusedon the verification problem.TVT testers cannot identify the source locations of the PII strings that areshown in a GUI. We systematically inserted a distinctive and compact ID infront of every PII string for all of the PII files, without internal knowledge aboutthe tested target programs. By using the modified PII files with the unmodifiedexecutable programs, TVT testers without deep knowledge of the program wereable to quickly and easily find the exact sources of the PII strings. One of the usefuland important features of the ID includes recognizing the hard-coded stringsin the tested program.We also developed a comprehensive index file to help the TVT testers referto all of the PII information in one file. This file is not only used to identify thesource location of the PII strings but also used to refer to the original and translatedstrings in pairs. In the problem analysis, we showed statistical informationabout the PII strings. This information has not been clearly recognised by theprogram internationalisation communities.ReferencesDeitsch, A. & D. Czarnecki (2001) Java Internationalisation. O’Reilly.Dr. International (2003) Developing International Software. 2nd ed. Microsoft Press.Green, D. (2005) Trail: Internationalisation. http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/i18n/index.htmlIBM (2003) Debugging method for message translation of software product. http://www.priorartdatabase.com/IPCOM/000018811/IBM (2004) Designing Internationalised Products. National Language Design Guide, vol. 1, 5thed.Ide, N. and J. Veronis (1998) Introduction to the Special Issue on Word Sense Disambiguation:The State of the Art. In Computational Linguistics 24(1), 1-40.Koyabu, K. (2008) K2Software’s page. http://k2top.jpn.org/Kehn, D. (2002) Testing your internationalised Eclipse plug-in. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/library/os-i18n2/Microsoft (2005) Microsoft Glossary ftp site. ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/developr/msdn/newup/Glossary/Muhanna, E. (2003) Mock Translator: A tool to generate national language assets. IBM TechnicalReport: TR-74.193-46-d, CASCON 2003 Software Testing Workshop.
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