Chapter 3. Corpora <strong>for</strong> translator education and translation practice 536. Summ<strong>in</strong>g up: The future of corpora <strong>in</strong> translationDespite achievements and enthusiasm with<strong>in</strong> academic sett<strong>in</strong>gs, corpora are stillto make an impact especially on the translation profession. A number of reasonswhy this might be the case have been suggested, and several challenges have beenidentified.There seem to be three ma<strong>in</strong> areas where ef<strong>for</strong>ts should be concentrated. First,the role of corpus work <strong>for</strong> awareness-rais<strong>in</strong>g purposes should be emphasised overthe more obvious documentation role, and basic “translation” skills (whose developmentshould be pursued also through corpus use) should be restored to theircentral place <strong>in</strong> translator education:[...] the general abilities to be taught at school [...] are the abilities which take along time to learn: text <strong>in</strong>terpretation, composition of a coherent, readable andaudience-tailored draft translation, research and check<strong>in</strong>g, correct<strong>in</strong>g. [...] If youcannot translate with pencil and paper, then you can’t translate with the latest<strong>in</strong><strong>for</strong>mation technology. (Mossop 1999)Second, translator-oriented (e-)learn<strong>in</strong>g materials have to be provided, so as toreach those professionals who are eager to learn about/with corpora. These materialsshould ideally be contrastive <strong>in</strong> focus (i.e., why/when use corpora <strong>in</strong>steadof the Web/TMs/dictionaries?), and <strong>in</strong>clude substantial practice primarily withthose tools and facilities that translators (rather than l<strong>in</strong>guists or language learners)are likely to f<strong>in</strong>d of immediate relevance (e.g., concordanc<strong>in</strong>g should arguablybe given priority over frequency word-list<strong>in</strong>g). Such practice should be embedded<strong>in</strong> translation-relevant tasks and should not neglect serendipitous turns encourag<strong>in</strong>gthe exploration of language and translation issues. F<strong>in</strong>ally, corpus constructionand corpus search<strong>in</strong>g should be made faster and more user-friendly, and ideally <strong>in</strong>tegratedwith CAT tools, so as to reach the largest possible number of professionals,<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the less technologically enthusiastic.ReferencesBaroni, M. & S. Bernard<strong>in</strong>i (2004) BootCaT: Bootstrapp<strong>in</strong>g Corpora and Terms from the Web.In Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of LREC 2004. Paris: ELRA/ELDA. 1313–1316.Baroni, M., A. Kilgarriff, J. Pomikálek, & P. Rychlý (2006) WebBootCaT: Instant Doma<strong>in</strong>specificCorpora to Support Human Translators. In Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of EAMT 2006. Oslo.247–252.Bernard<strong>in</strong>i, S. (2000) Systematis<strong>in</strong>g Serendipity: Proposals <strong>for</strong> Concordanc<strong>in</strong>g Large Corporawith <strong>Language</strong> Learners. In Burnard, L. & T. McEnery (eds.) Reth<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Language</strong> Pedagogyfrom a Corpus Perspective. Frankfurt am Ma<strong>in</strong>: Peter Lang. 225–234.
54 Silvia Bernard<strong>in</strong>i and Sara CastagnoliBowker, L. (2004) Corpus <strong>Resources</strong> <strong>for</strong> Translators: Academic Luxury or Professional Necessity?In Tagn<strong>in</strong>, S. (ed.) Corpora and <strong>Translation</strong>, TradTerm 10, Special Issue. 213–247.Bowker, L. (2002) Computer-aided <strong>Translation</strong> Technology. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.Bowker, L. & J. Pearson (2002) Work<strong>in</strong>g with Specialised <strong>Language</strong>. A Practical Guide to Us<strong>in</strong>gCorpora. London: Routledge.Englund Dimitrova, B. (2005) Expertise and Explicitation <strong>in</strong> the <strong>Translation</strong> Process.Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjam<strong>in</strong>s.Fairon, C. (2006) Corporator: A Tool <strong>for</strong> Creat<strong>in</strong>g RSS-based Specialised Corpora. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gsof the 2nd International Workshop on Web as corpus. EACL 2006. Trento. 43–50.Fletcher, W. (2004) Facilitat<strong>in</strong>g the Compilation and Dissem<strong>in</strong>ation of Ad-hoc Web Corpora. InAston, G., S. Bernard<strong>in</strong>i & D. Stewart (eds.) Corpora and <strong>Language</strong> Learners. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjam<strong>in</strong>s. 273–300.Gouadec, D. (2002) Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Translators: Certa<strong>in</strong>ties, Uncerta<strong>in</strong>ties, Dilemmas. In Maia, B., J.Haller & M. Ulrych (eds.), Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g the <strong>Language</strong> Services Provider <strong>for</strong> the New Millennium.Oporto: Universidade do Porto. 31–41.Hoey, M. (2005) Lexical Prim<strong>in</strong>g. London: Routledge.Jääskelä<strong>in</strong>en, R. (1997) Tapp<strong>in</strong>g the Process: An Explorative Study of the Cognitive and AffectiveFactors Involved <strong>in</strong> Translat<strong>in</strong>g. Joensuu: University of Joensuu – PhD thesis.Kenny, D. (1999) CAT Tools <strong>in</strong> an Academic Environment. In Target, 11(1), 65–82.Kilgarriff, A., P. Rychlý, P. Smrz, & D. Tugwell (2004) The Sketch Eng<strong>in</strong>e. In Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs ofEuralex. Lorient, France. 105–116.MeLLANGE (2006) Corpora and E-learn<strong>in</strong>g Questionnaire. Results Summary – Professional.Internal document, 12th June 2006.Mossop, B. (1999) What Should be Taught at <strong>Translation</strong> School? In Pym, A., C. Fallada,J. Ramón Biau & J. Orenste<strong>in</strong> (eds.) Innovation and E-Learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Translator Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.Available onl<strong>in</strong>e: http://isg.urv.es/library/papers/<strong>in</strong>novation_book.pdf. 20–22.Pearson, J. (2003) Us<strong>in</strong>g Parallel Texts <strong>in</strong> the Translator Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Environment. In F. Zanett<strong>in</strong>,S. Bernard<strong>in</strong>i & D. Stewart (eds.) Corpora <strong>in</strong> Translator Education. Manchester: St Jerome.15–24.Prabhu, N. S. (1987) Second <strong>Language</strong> Pedagogy. Ox<strong>for</strong>d: Ox<strong>for</strong>d University Press.Sharoff, S. (2006) Creat<strong>in</strong>g General-purpose Corpora us<strong>in</strong>g Automated Search Eng<strong>in</strong>e Queries.In Baroni, M. & S. Bernard<strong>in</strong>i (eds.) Wacky! Work<strong>in</strong>g Papers on the Web as Corpus. Bologna:Gedit. 63–98.S<strong>in</strong>clair, J. McH. (2003) Read<strong>in</strong>g Concordances. London: Longman.S<strong>in</strong>clair, J. McH. (2004) Trust the Text: <strong>Language</strong>, Corpus and Discourse. London: Routledge.Stubbs, M. (2001) Words and Phrases. London: Blackwell.Teich, E. (2003) Cross-l<strong>in</strong>guistic Variation <strong>in</strong> System and Text. Berl<strong>in</strong>: Mouton.Thelwall, M. (2005) Creat<strong>in</strong>g and Us<strong>in</strong>g Web Corpora. In International Journal of CorpusL<strong>in</strong>guistics, 10 (4), 517–541.Togn<strong>in</strong>i-Bonelli, E. (2001) Corpus L<strong>in</strong>guistics at Work. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: JohnBenjam<strong>in</strong>s.Trosborg, A. (1997) Text Typology: Register, Genre and Text Type. In Trosborg, A. (ed.) TextTypology and <strong>Translation</strong>. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjam<strong>in</strong>s. 3–23.Ueyama, M. (2006) Evaluation of Japanese Web-based Reference Corpora. In Baroni, M. & S.Bernard<strong>in</strong>i (eds.) Wacky! Work<strong>in</strong>g Papers on the Web as Corpus. Bologna: Gedit. 99–126.
- Page 3 and 4:
Benjamins Translation Library (BTL)
- Page 5 and 6:
8 TMThe paper used in this publicat
- Page 7 and 8:
VITopics in Language Resources for
- Page 9 and 10:
VIII Topics in Language Resources f
- Page 11 and 12:
XTopics in Language Resources for T
- Page 13 and 14:
XIITopics in Language Resources for
- Page 15 and 16: 2 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowde
- Page 17 and 18: 4 Lynne Bowker and Michael BarlowFi
- Page 19 and 20: 6 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlow2.
- Page 21 and 22: 8 Lynne Bowker and Michael BarlowOn
- Page 23 and 24: 10 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlow4
- Page 25 and 26: 12 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowb
- Page 27 and 28: 14 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlows
- Page 29 and 30: 16 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowp
- Page 31 and 32: 18 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowt
- Page 33 and 34: 20 Lynne Bowker and Michael Barlowg
- Page 35 and 36: 22 Lynne Bowker and Michael BarlowM
- Page 37 and 38: 24 Silvia Hansen-Schirraphenomenon;
- Page 39 and 40: 26 Silvia Hansen-Schirratreebank pr
- Page 41 and 42: 28 Silvia Hansen-Schirracurrently a
- Page 43 and 44: 30 Silvia Hansen-Schirrawhichaltern
- Page 45 and 46: 32 Silvia Hansen-Schirra(1) We cont
- Page 47 and 48: 34 Silvia Hansen-Schirrarealisation
- Page 49 and 50: 36 Silvia Hansen-Schirratranslation
- Page 52 and 53: chapter 3Corpora for translator edu
- Page 54 and 55: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 56 and 57: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 60 and 61: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 64 and 65: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 68: Chapter 3. Corpora for translator e
- Page 71 and 72: 58 Belinda Maiahindsight, one can n
- Page 73 and 74: 60 Belinda Maiabeen translated by m
- Page 75 and 76: 62 Belinda Maiastudy reformulations
- Page 77 and 78: 64 Belinda MaiaSearchablecorporaenc
- Page 79 and 80: 66 Belinda Maia- Find definition ca
- Page 81 and 82: 68 Belinda MaialishaEuropeanMaster
- Page 83 and 84: 70 Belinda MaiaMaia, B. and L. Sarm
- Page 85 and 86: 72 Carme Colominas and Toni Badiadi
- Page 87 and 88: 74 Carme Colominas and Toni Badiala
- Page 89 and 90: 76 Carme Colominas and Toni Badiath
- Page 91 and 92: 78 Carme Colominas and Toni Badiath
- Page 93 and 94: 80 Carme Colominas and Toni BadiaTa
- Page 95 and 96: 82 Carme Colominas and Toni BadiaAs
- Page 97 and 98: 84 Carme Colominas and Toni BadiaFi
- Page 99 and 100: 86 Carme Colominas and Toni Badiaco
- Page 101 and 102: 88 Carme Colominas and Toni BadiaVa
- Page 103 and 104: 90 Rachélle GautonIzwaini (2003:17
- Page 105 and 106: 92 Rachélle Gautonneeded by the Ba
- Page 107 and 108: 94 Rachélle GautonThese electronic
- Page 109 and 110: 96 Rachélle Gautonthat of Bantu la
- Page 111 and 112: 98 Rachélle GautonSeeagainFig.1for
- Page 113 and 114: 100 Rachélle GautonLocke, translat
- Page 115 and 116: 102 Rachélle GautonHaving to work
- Page 117 and 118:
104 Rachélle Gautonmore, after suc
- Page 119 and 120:
106 Rachélle GautonMcEnery, A. and
- Page 121 and 122:
108 Marie-Josée de Saint Roberta c
- Page 123 and 124:
110 Marie-Josée de Saint Robertpre
- Page 125 and 126:
112 Marie-Josée de Saint Robertlef
- Page 127 and 128:
114 Marie-Josée de Saint Robertcap
- Page 129 and 130:
116 Marie-Josée de Saint Robertinf
- Page 131 and 132:
118 Marie-Josée de Saint Roberttra
- Page 134 and 135:
chapter 8Global content managementC
- Page 136 and 137:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 138 and 139:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 140 and 141:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 142 and 143:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 144 and 145:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 146 and 147:
Chapter 8. Global content managemen
- Page 148 and 149:
chapter 9BEYTransA Wiki-based envir
- Page 150 and 151:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 137Trans system
- Page 152 and 153:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 1391. Facilitat
- Page 154 and 155:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 141lators to ch
- Page 156 and 157:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 1435.2 Translat
- Page 158 and 159:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 1456. BEYTrans:
- Page 160 and 161:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 1476.2.2 Multil
- Page 162 and 163:
Chapter 9. BEYTrans 149Bey, Y., C.
- Page 164 and 165:
chapter 10Standardising the managem
- Page 166 and 167:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 168 and 169:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 170 and 171:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 172 and 173:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 174 and 175:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 176 and 177:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 178 and 179:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 180 and 181:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 182 and 183:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 184 and 185:
Chapter 10. Standardising multiling
- Page 186 and 187:
chapter 11Tagging and tracing Progr
- Page 188 and 189:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 190 and 191:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 192 and 193:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 194 and 195:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 196 and 197:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 198 and 199:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 200 and 201:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 202 and 203:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 204 and 205:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 206 and 207:
Chapter 11. Tagging and tracing Pro
- Page 208 and 209:
chapter 12Linguistic resources and
- Page 210 and 211:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 212 and 213:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 214 and 215:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 216 and 217:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 218 and 219:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 220 and 221:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 222 and 223:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 224 and 225:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 226 and 227:
Chapter 12. Linguistic resources an
- Page 228 and 229:
IndexAAfrican language translatorX,
- Page 230 and 231:
Index 217Expert Advisory Group onLa
- Page 232 and 233:
Index 219open standards 206, 208,21
- Page 234 and 235:
Benjamins Translation LibraryA comp
- Page 236:
27 Beylard-Ozeroff, Ann, Jana Král