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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubaltowska, E.; Wyszynska, K.; Natarajan, A.T. &Nilsson, R. (2003). Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to lead andcadmium, Mutat. Res., 540, 1, 19–28.Pastor, S.; Gutierrez, S.; Creus, A.; Xamena, N.; Piperakis, S. & Marcos R. (2001).Cytogenetic analysis of Greek farmers using the micronucleus assay in peripherallymphocytes and buccal cells, Mutagenesis, 16, 539–545.Pastor, S.; Creus, A.; Xamena, N.; Siffel, C. & Marcos R. (2002). Occupationalexposure to pesticides and cytogenetic damage: results of a Hungarian populationstudy using the micronucleus assay in lymphocytes and buccal cells, Environ. Mol.Mutagen., 40, 101–109.Paunero, I.E.; Mitidieri, M.; Ferratto, J.; Giuliani, S.; Bulacio, L.; Panelo, M.;Amoia, P.; Strassera, M.E.; Granitto, G.; del Pino, M., Martínez, S., Fortunato, N.;Tangorra, M.; Andreau, R.; Garbi, M. & Martínez-Quintana, O. (2009). Identifyingthe primary types of accidents that occur to horticultural workers in Argentina,Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo, 6, 2, 177-182.Petricoin, E.F.; Ardekani, A.M.; Hitt, B.A.; Levine, P.J.; Fusaro, V.A.; Steinberg,S.M.; Mills, G.B.; Simone, C.; Fishman, D.; Kohn, E.C. & Liotta, L.A. (2002) Useof proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer, Lancet, 35, 9, 572-577.Piperakis, S. M.; Visvardis, E. E.; Sagnou, M. & Tassiou, A. M. (1998). Effects ofsmoking and aging on oxidative DNA damage of human lymphocytes,Carcinogenesis, 19, 4, 695–698.Piperakis, S.M.; Petrakou, E.; Tsilimigaki, S.; Sagnou, M.; Monogiudis, E.;Haniotakis, G.; Karkaseli, H. & Sarikaki, E. (2003). Biomonitoring with the cometassay of Greek greenhouse workers exposed to pesticides, Environ. Mol. Mutagen.,41, 104–110.Piperakis, S.M.; Kontogianni, K.; Piperakis, M.M. & Tsilimigaki, S. (2006). Effectsof Pesticides on Occupationally Exposed Humans, The Scientific World Journal, 6,1211-1220.Pitozzi, V.; Giovannelli, L.; Bardini, G.;. Rotella, C. M & Dolara, P. (2003).Oxidative DNA damage in peripheral blood cells in type 2 diabetes 42 Chapter1mellitus: higher vulnerability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Mutat. Res,529(1–2), 129–33.Prakasam, A.S.; Sethupathy, S. & Lalitha, S. (2001). Plasma and RBCs antioxidantstatus in occupational male pesticide sprayers, Clin. Chim. Acta, 310, 107–112.Prasanthi, K.; Muralidhara & Rajini, P.S. (2005). Morphological and biochemicalperturbations in rat erythrocytes following in vitro exposure to Fenvalerate and itsmetabolite, Toxicol. in Vitro, 19, 449–456.Raipulis, J.; Maija, M. & Balode M. (2009). Toxicity and Genotoxicity Testing ofRoundup. Proceedings of the latvian academy of sciences Section B, 63, 29–32.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides102
Ranjbar, A.; Pasalar, P. & Abdollahi, M. (2002). Induction of oxidative stress andacetylcholinesterase inhibition in organophosphorous pesticide manufacturingworkers. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 21, 179-82.Raslova, K.; Nagyova, A.; Dobiasova, M.; Ptackova, K. & Dusinska, M. (2000).Effect of ciprofibrate on lipoprotien metabolism and oxidative stress parameters inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Acta.Diabetol. 37, 3, 131–134.Reca, L. 2006. Aspectos del Desarrollo Agropecuario Argentino, 1875-2005.Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de Agronomia y Veterinaria.Reid, S.J. & Watts, R.R. (1981). A method for the determinationof dialkylphosphate residues in urine. J. Anal. Chem. 5,126–132, ISSN 0937-0633.Remor, A.P.; Totti, C.C.; Moreira, D.A.; Dutra, G.P.; Heuser, V.D. & Boeira, J.M.(2008). Occupational exposure of farm workers to pesticides: Biochemicalparameters and evaluation. Environ. Int. 35, 2, February 2009, 273-278.Repetto, R.C. & Baliga, S.S. (1996) Pesticides and the Immune System: The PublicHealth Risks. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.Ruf, A.A.; Jerwood, D.; Webb, J. & Anderson, D. (2003). Sensitivity of differentthalassaemia genotypes to food mutagens in the Comet assay. Teratog. Carcinog.Mutagen. Suppl 2, 83–91.Sailaja, N.; Chandrasekhar, M.; Rekhadevi, P.V.; Mahbood, M.; Rahman, M.F.;Vuyyuri, S.B.; Danadevi, K.; Hussain, S.A. & Grover P. (2006). Genotoxicevaluation of workers employed in pesticide production. Mutat. Res. 609: 74-80.Sasaki, Y.F.; Sekihashi, K.; Izumiyama, F.; Nishidate, E.; Saga, A.; Ishida, K. &Tsuda, S. (2000) The Comet assay with multiple mouse organs: comparison ofComet assay results and carcinogenicity with 208 chemicals selected from the IARCmonographs and US NTP Carcinogenicity Database, Crit. Rev. Toxicol., 30, 629.Seth, V.; Banerjee, B.D. & Chakravorty, A.K. (2001). Lipid peroxidation, freeradical scavenging enzymes, and glutathione redox system in blood of rats exposedto Propoxur, Pest. Biochem. Phys, 71, 133-139.Shadnia, S.; Azizi, E.; Hosseinil, R.; Khoei, S.; Fouladdel, S.; Pajoumand, A.; Jalali,N. & Abdollahi, M. (2005) Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity inorganophosphorus insecticide formulators. Hum.Exp. Toxicol. 24, 439- 445.Simoniello, M.F.; Kleinsorge, E.C.; Scagnetti, J.A.; Grigolato, R.A.; Poletta, G.L.& Carballo, M.A. (2008) DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed topesticide mixtures. J. Appl. Toxicol. 28, 8, 957-965.Simoniello, M.F.; Kleinsorge, E.C.; Scagnetti, J.A.; Mastandrea, C.; Grigolato,R.A.; Paonessa, A.M. & Carballo, M.A. (2010). Biomarkers of cellular reaction topesticide exposure in a rural population, Biomarkers, 15, 1, 52-60.Singh, A. (1986) Kinetic analysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by combinationsof acephate and methamidophos.Toxicology 15: 143-156.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides103
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
Page 52 and 53: inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
Page 54 and 55: Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
Page 56 and 57: Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
Page 58 and 59: Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
Page 60 and 61: Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
Page 62 and 63: Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
Page 64 and 65: developing countries is due to suic
Page 66 and 67: count and morphology, as well as se
Page 68 and 69: PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
Page 70 and 71: elationship between OP exposure and
Page 72 and 73: Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
Page 74 and 75: Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
Page 76 and 77: Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
Page 78 and 79: Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
Page 80 and 81: considered as conditions typical of
Page 82 and 83: observed adverse health outcome. Su
Page 84 and 85: within cells can oxidize biomolecul
Page 86 and 87: of the study. A face-to-face questi
Page 88 and 89: PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
Page 90 and 91: Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
Page 92 and 93: In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
Page 94 and 95: DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
Page 96 and 97: changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
Page 98 and 99: Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
Page 100 and 101: Environmental health criteria 155.
Page 104 and 105: Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
Page 106 and 107: INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
Page 108 and 109: exposure scenarios on the basis of
Page 110 and 111: not present adverse health effects
Page 112 and 113: greenhouse workers exposed to malat
Page 114 and 115: Paraoxon is then either metabolized
Page 116 and 117: cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
Page 118 and 119: metabolite of phthalates, such that
Page 120 and 121: scenarios were simulated, assuming
Page 122 and 123: Table 2. Biological reference value
Page 124 and 125: References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
Page 126 and 127: Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
Page 128 and 129: Figure 4. Conceptual representation
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6 Conceptual representation
Page 132 and 133: REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
Page 134 and 135: Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
Page 136 and 137: EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
Page 138 and 139: Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
Page 140 and 141: McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
Page 142 and 143: Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
Page 144 and 145: important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
Page 146 and 147: secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
Page 148 and 149: FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
Page 150 and 151: Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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