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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the only CB whose toxicity was increased by anoxime was carbaryl (Dawson, 1995).ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis study was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science of theRepublic of Serbia (Project 175045).REFERENCESAbdel-Rahman A, Shetty AK, Abou-Donia MB (2002). Acute exposure to sarinincreases blood brain barrier permeability and induces neuropathological changes inthe rat brain: dose-response relationships. Neuroscience 113, 721-741.Ahmed GM, Davies DR (1997). Chronic organophosphate exposure: toward thedefinition of a neuropsychiatric syndrome. J. Nutr. Environ. Med. 7, 169-176.Aragao I, Soares ME, Bastos ML, Lopes M (1996). Continuous infusion ofobidoxime and the importance of plasma levels monitoring in organophosphatepoisoning. Intensive Care Medicine 22(Suppl 3), S388, 512.Ashani Y, Bhattacharjee AK, Leader H, Saxena A, Doctor BP (2003). Inhibition ofcholinesterases with cationic phosphonyl oximes highlights distinctive properties ofthe charged pyridine groups of quaternary oxime reactivators. Biochem. Pharmacol.66, 191-202.Baker DJ, Sedgwick FM (1996). Single fiber electromyographic changes in manafter organophosphate exposure. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 15, 369-375.Balali-Mood M, Shariat M (1998). Treatment of organophosphate poisoning.Experience of nerve agents and acute pesticide poisoning on the effects of oximes.J. Physiol.Paris 92, 375-378.Baron RL (1991). Carbamate insecticides. In: Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology,(Hayes WJ, Laws ER, Jr, editors), Vol. 3, Chapter 17, Academic Press Inc., SanDiego, pp. 1129.Bessler CL, Stallones L (2008). A cohort study of pesticide poisoning anddepression in Colorado farm residents. Ann. Epidemiol. 18, 768-774.Bismuth C, Inns RH, Marrs TC (1992). Efficacy, toxicity and clinical use of oximesin anticholinesterase poisoning. In: Clinical and Experimental Toxicology ofOrganophosphates and Carbamates, (Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, editors), Chapter 52.Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 555-577.Bošković B, Vojvodić V, Maksimović M, Granov A, Besarović-Lazarev S,Binenfeld Z (1976). Effect of mono and bis-quaternary pyridinium oximes on theserum cholinesterase inhibitory activity of dioxacarb, carbaryl and carbofuran. Arh.Hig. Rada 27, 289-295.Burgess JL, Bernstein JN, Hurlbut K (1994). Aldicarb poisoning. A case report withprolonged cholinesterase inhibition and improvement after pralidoxime therapy.Arch. Int. Med. 154, 221-224.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides54
Carpentier P, Delamanche IS, Le Bert M, Blanchet G, Bouchard C (1990). Seizurerelatedopening of the blood-brain barrier induced by soman: possible correlationwith the acute neuropathology observed in poisoned rats. NeuroToxicology 11, 493-508.Clark RF (2002). Insecticides: organic phosphorus compounds and carbamates. In:Goldfrank’s Toxicological Emergencies, 7 ed. McGraw-Hill Professional, NewYork, pp. 1346-1360.Davies R, Ghouse A, Tegwedd F (2000a). Chronic exposure to organophosphates:Background and clinical picture. Adv. Psychiatr. Treat. 6, 187-192.Davies R, Ghouse A, Tegwedd F (2000b). Psychiatric aspects of chronic exposureto organophosphates: diagnosis and management. Adv. Psychiatr. Treat. 6, 356-361.Dawson RM (1995). Oxime effects on the rate constants of carbamylation anddecarbamylation of acetylcholinetsrase for pyridine, physostigmine and insecticidalcarbamates. Neurochem. Int. 26, 643-654.De Bleecker J, Van Den Neucker K, Colardyn F (1993). Intermediate syndrome inorganophosphorus poisoning: a prospective study. Crit. Care Med. 21, 1706-1711.De Bleecker J (1995). The intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning: anoverview of experimental and clinical observations. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 33,683-686.De Bleecker JL (2006). Intermediate syndrome in organophosphate poisoning. In:Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, Gupta RC editor,Chapter 26, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 371-380.Desi I, Nagymajtenyi L (1999). Electrophysiological biomarkers of anorganophosphorous pesticide, dichlorvos. Toxicol. Lett. 107, 55-64.De Silva HJ, Samarawickrema NA, Wickremasinghe AR (2006). Toxicity due toorganophosphorus compounds: what about chronic exposure? Trans. Roy. Soc.Trop. Med. Hyg. 100, 803-806.Dhandapani M, Zachariah A, Kavitha MR, Jeyaseelan L, Oommen A (2003).Oxidative damage in intermediate syndrome of acute organophosphorus poisoning.Ind. J. Med. Res. 117, 253-259.Eddleston M (2000). Patterns and problems of deliberate self-poisoning in thedeveloping world. QJM 93, 715-731.Eddleston M, Phillips MR (2004). Self-poisoning with pesticides. BMJ 328, 42-44.Eddleston M, Juszczak E, Buckley NA (2005a). Randomised controlled trial ofroutine single or multiple dose superactivated charcoal for self-poisoning in a regionwith high mortality. Clin. Toxicol. 43, 442-443.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides55
Page 1 and 2:
The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
Page 3 and 4: Other access free resources from Ac
Page 5 and 6: The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
Page 9 and 10: About authorspublished by Elsevier.
Page 11 and 12: About authorsof medical researchers
Page 13: About authorsdifferent spatial scal
Page 16 and 17: About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
Page 18 and 19: About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
Page 20 and 21: Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
Page 22 and 23: ecently explored on preliminary stu
Page 24: individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
Page 27 and 28: occupational environmental health r
Page 30 and 31: must be considered, since effective
Page 34 and 35: Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
Page 36 and 37: Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
Page 38 and 39: Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
Page 40 and 41: human poisoning, general acute symp
Page 42 and 43: Management of the cholinergic syndr
Page 44 and 45: 1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
Page 46 and 47: exposed populations, revealed high
Page 48 and 49: DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
Page 50 and 51: Among the many classes of oximes in
Page 52 and 53: inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
Page 56 and 57: Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
Page 58 and 59: Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
Page 60 and 61: Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
Page 62 and 63: Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
Page 64 and 65: developing countries is due to suic
Page 66 and 67: count and morphology, as well as se
Page 68 and 69: PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
Page 70 and 71: elationship between OP exposure and
Page 72 and 73: Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
Page 74 and 75: Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
Page 76 and 77: Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
Page 78 and 79: Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
Page 80 and 81: considered as conditions typical of
Page 82 and 83: observed adverse health outcome. Su
Page 84 and 85: within cells can oxidize biomolecul
Page 86 and 87: of the study. A face-to-face questi
Page 88 and 89: PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
Page 90 and 91: Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
Page 92 and 93: In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
Page 94 and 95: DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
Page 96 and 97: changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
Page 98 and 99: Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
Page 100 and 101: Environmental health criteria 155.
Page 102 and 103: Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
Page 418:
THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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