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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun, S.J. (2005a) Evaluation of Two Fast and EasyMethods for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Fatty Food Matrixes, J. AOAC Int., Vol.88, pp. 630-638.Lehotay, S.J., Mastovská, K. & Lightfield, A.R., (2005b) Use of Buffering andOther Means to Improve Results of Problematic Pesticides in a Fast and EasyMethod for Residue Analysis of Fruits and Vegetables, J. AOAC Int., Vol. 88, pp.615-629.Lehotay, S.J., De Kok, A., Hiemstra, M. & Van Bodegraven, P. (2005c) Validationof a fast and easy method for the determination of residues from 229 pesticides infruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometricdetection, J. AOAC Int., Vol. 88, pp. 615-629.Lehotay, S.J., O'Neil, M., Tully, J., García, A.V., Contreras, M., Mol, H., Heinke,V., Anspach, T., Lach, G., Fussell, R., Mastovska, K., Poulsen, M.E., Brown, A.,Hammack, W., Cook, J.M., Alder, L., Lindtner, K., Vila, M.G., Hopper, M., DeKok, A., Hiemstra, M., Schenck, F., Williams, A. & Parker, A. (2007)Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction andpartitioning with magnesium sulfate: Collaborative study, J. AOAC Int., Vol. 90, pp.485-520.Lehotay, S.J., Son, K.A., Kwon, H., Koesukwiwat, U., Fu, W., Mastovska, K., Hoh,E. & Leepipatpiboon, N. (2010) Comparison of QuEChERS sample preparationmethods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables, J.Chromatogr. A, Vol. 1217, pp. 2548-2560.Li, J., Dong, F., Xu, J., Liu, X., Li, Y., Shan, W. & Zheng, Y. (2011)Enantioselective determination of triazole fungicide simeconazole in vegetables,fruits, and cereals using modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, ruggedand safe) coupled to gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, Anal. Chim.Acta, Vol. 702, pp. 127-135.Liu, S., Zheng, Z., Wei, F. Ren, Y., Gui, W., Wu, H., Zhu, G. (2010) SimultaneousDetermination of Seven Neonicotinoid Pesticide Residues in Food byUltraperformance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric.Food Chem., Vol. 58, pp. 3271–3278.Ma, Y., Hashi, Y., Ji, F., Lin, J.M. (2010) Determination of phthalates in fruit jelliesby Dispersive SPE coupled with HPLC-MS, J. Sep. Sci., Vol. 33, pp. 251–257.Marazuela, M.D. & Bogialli, S. (2009) A review of novel strategies of samplepreparation for the determination of antibacterial residues in foodstuffs using liquidchromatography-based analytical methods, Anal. Chim. Acta, Vol. 645, pp. 5-17.Martínez-Vidal, J.L. Garrido-Frenich, A., Aguilera-Luiz, M.M., Romero-González,R. (2010) Development of fast screening methods for the analysis of veterinary drugresidues in milk by liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry,Anal. Bioanal. Chem., Vol. 397, pp. 2777–2790.Naeeni, M.H., Yamini, Y., Rezaee, M. (2011) Combination of supercritical fluidextraction with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction oforganophosphorus pesticides from soil and marine sediment samples, J. Supercrit.Fluids, Vol. 57, pp. 219-226.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides376
Nardelli, V., dell’Oro, D., Palermo, C., Centonze., D. (2010) Multi-residue methodfor the determination of organochlorine pesticides in fish feed based on a cleanupapproach followed by gas chromatography–triple quadrupole tandem massspectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, Vol. 1217, pp. 4996-5003.Oellig, C., Schwack, W. (2011) Planar solid phase extraction—A new clean-upconcept in multi-residue analysis of pesticides by liquid chromatography–massspectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, Vol. 1218, pp 6540– 6547.Pallaroni, L., Von Holst, C. (2003) Determination of zearalenone from wheat andcorn by pressurized liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-electrospray massspectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, Vol. 993, pp. 39-45.Pareja, L., Cesio, V., Heinzen, H. & Fernández-Alba, A. R. (2011) Evaluation ofvarious QuEChERS based methods for the analysis of herbicides and othercommonly used pesticides in polished rice by LC–MS/MS, Talanta, Vol. 83, pp.1613–1622.Payá, P., Anastassiades, M., Mack, D., Sigalova, I., Tasdelen, B., Oliva, J. & Barba,A. (2007) Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap EffectiveRugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination withgas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection, Anal.Bioanal. Chem., Vol. 89, pp. 1697–1714.Picó, Y., Fernandez, M., Ruiz, M.J., & Font, G. (2007) Current trends in solidphase-basedextraction techniques for the determination of pesticides in food andenvironment. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, Vol. 70, pp. 117–131.Prestes, O.D., Friggi, C.A., Adaime, M.B. & Zanella, R. (2009) QuEChERS - Ummétodo moderno de preparo de amostra para determinação multirresíduo depesticidas em alimentos por métodos cromatográficos acoplados à espectrometria demassas, Quim. Nova, Vol. 32, pp. 1620-1634.Prestes, O.D., Adaime, M.B. & Zanella, R. (2011) QuEChERS: possibilidades etendências no preparo de amostra para determinação multirresíduo de pesticidas emalimentos, Scientia Chromatographica, Vol. 3, pp. 51-64.Rawn, D.F.K., Judge, J., Roscoe, V. (2010) Application of the QuEChERS methodfor the analysis of pyrethrins and pyrethroids in fish tissues, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.,Vol. 397, pp. 2525-2531.Richter, B.E., Jones, B.A., Ezzell, J.L., Porter, N.L. (1996) Accelerated SolventExtraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation, Anal. Chem., Vol. 68, pp. 1033-1039.Ridgway, K., Lalljie, S.P.D., Smith R.M. (2007) Sample preparation techniques forthe determination of trace residues and contaminants in foods, J. Chromatorgr. A,Vol. 1153, pp. 36-53.Rimkus, G.G., Rummler, M., Nausch, I. (1996) Gel permeation chromatographyhighperformance liquid chromatography combination as an automated clean-uptechnique for the multiresidue analysis of fats, J. Chromatogr. A, Vol. 737, pp. 9-14.Rissato, S.R., Galhiane, M.S., Knoll, F.R.N., Apon, B.M. (2004) Supercritical fluidextraction for pesticide multiresidue analysis in honey: determination by gaschromatography with electron-capture and mass spectrometry detection. J.Chromatogr. A, Vol. 1048, pp.153–159.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides377
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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Page 330 and 331: Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
Page 332 and 333: Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
Page 334 and 335: Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
Page 336 and 337: Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
Page 338 and 339: Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
Page 340 and 341: Pesticides are used in order to pro
Page 342 and 343: EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
Page 344 and 345: RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
Page 346 and 347: As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
Page 348 and 349: Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 350 and 351: Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 352 and 353: Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
Page 354 and 355: Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
Page 356 and 357: scandal’ are familiar to the gene
Page 358 and 359: ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
Page 360 and 361: Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
Page 362 and 363: of application, with some still sca
Page 364 and 365: The main supercritical solvent used
Page 366 and 367: extracting the pesticides from the
Page 368 and 369: would be appropriate for the routin
Page 370 and 371: chromatography with negative-ion el
Page 372 and 373: GPC was applied as a nondestructive
Page 374 and 375: Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
Page 378 and 379: Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
Page 380 and 381: Analytical methods to assess the im
Page 382 and 383: acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
Page 384 and 385: 1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
Page 386 and 387: Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
Page 388 and 389: Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
Page 390 and 391: Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
Page 392 and 393: Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
Page 394 and 395: ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
Page 396 and 397: inorganic and organic species a lar
Page 398 and 399: surface area and be easily modified
Page 400 and 401: Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
Page 402 and 403: Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
Page 404 and 405: PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
Page 406 and 407: ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
Page 408 and 409: FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
Page 410 and 411: Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
Page 412 and 413: Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
Page 414 and 415: The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
Page 416 and 417: About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
Page 418: THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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