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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (China). Some regions such as Beijing (China)and Tanzania showed higher results.Table 9. Concentration of ΣHCH (ng g -1 dw) in soil from other regions in the worldLocations ΣHCH ReferencesShanghai (China) GiaLam 1 (79.47 ngg -1 ) > Hanoi centre 1 (37.35 ng g -1 ). In fact, agricultural areas in Hanoi are mainlysituated in SonSon, ThanhTri and TuLiem district, whereas the industrial Parks aremainly situated in DongAnh and GiaLam district. This can be one element toexplain this order and may also suggest that the used quantity of DDT in SonSon,ThanhTri and TuLiem were probably higher than in the other areas in Hanoi. Themean ΣDDT concentrations in these areas are close to MAC-value of ΣDDT in soiland thus, need further studies to assess their contamination status in more detail.Figure 6. Distribution of ΣDDT concentrations in surface soil from study areasAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides306
ΣDDTThanhTri 2TuLiem 2Hanoi centre 2GiaLam 2DongAnh 2SocSon 2ThanhTri 1TuLiem 1Samping locationsHanoi centre 1GiaLam 1DongAnh 1SocSon 1BacNinh town 2TienDu 2TuSon 2YenPhong 1BacNinh town 1TienDu 1TuSon 10 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)In Bacninh, the distribution of significant ΣDDT levels is found in agriculturalareas. The contamination levels were followed the order TienDu 1 (mean 124.92 ngg -1 ) > TuSon 1 (mean 106.69 ng g -1 ) > Bacninh town 1 (mean 80.07 ng g -1 ) >YenPhong 1 (mean 65.81 ng g -1 ). TuSon and TienDu district are typical areas whereinhabitants live mainly from agriculture. Bacninh town is new town withagricultural areas in the suburb, while in YenPhong there is a concentration of manytraditional villages. These characteristics may be related with the quantity of DDTused and explain found order.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides307
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
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greenhouse workers exposed to malat
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Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide, CAS
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metabolite of phthalates, such that
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scenarios were simulated, assuming
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Table 2. Biological reference value
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References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
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Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
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Figure 4. Conceptual representation
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Figure 6 Conceptual representation
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REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
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Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
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EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
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Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
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McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
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Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
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important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
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secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
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FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
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Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
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Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
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Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
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vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
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Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
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formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of t
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Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
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negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
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Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
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Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
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(HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
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Table 1. Distribution of the applic
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Means followed by the same letter i
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(involving pests and natural enemie
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efore the pest emergence and their
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Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
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Table 5. Effect of different fungic
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Table 6. Magament used including do
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adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
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Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
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This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
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several different occasions at any
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The greatest number of pesticides a
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Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
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For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
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Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
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atios of the pesticide amounts in t
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Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
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mefenacet and simetrin were observe
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
Page 256 and 257: Table 8 shows the results of the De
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Page 260 and 261: REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
Page 262 and 263: Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
Page 264 and 265: Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
Page 266 and 267: Sampling sites of the survey in 200
Page 268 and 269: than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
Page 270 and 271: Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
Page 272 and 273: Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
Page 274 and 275: Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
Page 276 and 277: A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
Page 278 and 279: SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
Page 280 and 281: Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
Page 282 and 283: Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
Page 284 and 285: REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
Page 286 and 287: Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
Page 288 and 289: Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
Page 290 and 291: marketed under variety of trade nam
Page 292 and 293: Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
Page 294 and 295: laboratory animals fed or injected
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Page 298 and 299: Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
Page 300 and 301: Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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Page 304 and 305: Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
Page 308 and 309: Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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Page 314 and 315: Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
Page 316 and 317: CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
Page 318 and 319: Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
Page 320 and 321: Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
Page 322 and 323: found in tissues or fluids samples
Page 324 and 325: Study area and SamplingThis study w
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Page 330 and 331: Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
Page 332 and 333: Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
Page 334 and 335: Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
Page 336 and 337: Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
Page 338 and 339: Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
Page 340 and 341: Pesticides are used in order to pro
Page 342 and 343: EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
Page 344 and 345: RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
Page 346 and 347: As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
Page 348 and 349: Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 350 and 351: Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
Page 352 and 353: Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
Page 354 and 355: Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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