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Fig. 5. Fragment of hepatocyte of the black striped-field mice (Apodemus agrariusPallas 1771) - swelling of mitochondria with damage of matrix. Magn. x 4400.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe study was financed in a part from the Polish research funds 2001-2004 and2006- 2009 as research projects.REFERENCESAmador, AACU (1992).”Buried pesticide wastes hazard to Poland”. WasteManagement Research, Vol 10, pp 387 – 398.Ben Rhouma, K; Tébourbi, O; Krichah, R; and Sakly, M (2001). “Reproductivetoxicity of DDT in adult male rats”. Human and Experimental Toxicology, Vol 20,No 8, pp 393-397.Ennaceur, S, Ridha, D, and Marcos, R (2008) “Genotoxicity of the organochlorinepesticides 1,1-dichloro-2,2- bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) andhexachlorobenzene (HCB) in cultured human lymphocytes”. Chemosphere, Vol 71,No 7, pp 1335-133.Grzybowski, M, Szarek, J, Skibniewska, KA, Sawicka-Kapusta, K, Guziur, J, andEndler, Z (2005). „The characteristics of plants in the littoral zone of Lake SzelągWielki in the Iława Lake district threatened by pesticide tomb”. FreseniusEnvironmental Bulletin, Vol 14, No 5, pp 357-362.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides162
Grzybowski, M, Szarek, J, Zmysłowska, I, Guziur, J, Endler, Z, and Skibniewska K(2004). „Ecological characteristic of pesticide tomb in the Warmia Region on thebasis of index numbers of vascular plants”. Polish Journal of EnvironmentalStudies, Vol 13, No 6, pp 683-692.Grzybowski, M, Szarek, J, and Skibniewska, KA (2010a). „Evaluation of diversityof submerged and emergent flora of Lake Szeląg Wielki as threatened by a pesticidetomb”. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol 25, No 2, pp 154-172.Grzybowski, M, Szarek, J, Skibniewska, KA, and Guziur, J (2010b). „Ecologicalstatus and phytocoenotic diversity of macrophytes of lake Szeląg Wielki (North –East Poland)”. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol 25, No 4, pp 401 – 414.Grzybowski, M, Szarek, J, Skibniewska, KA, Guziur, J, and Duriasz, J (2010c).„Evaluation of the ecological status and diversity of macrophytes of drainageditches threatened by a pesticide tomb”. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol 25,No 3, 274-286.Grzybowski, M., Szarek, J., Skibniewska, K.A., Guziur, J., Lew, S., Mieszczyński,T., and Gesek, M. (2010d). „Evaluation of alfa diversity of an anthropogenic forestthreatened by pesticide tomb”. Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, Vol 25, No 1, pp63-80.Jandacek, RJ, and Tso, P (2001).” Factors affecting the storage and excretion oftoxic lipophilic xenobiotics”. Lipids, Vol 36, No 12, pp 1289-1305.Skibniewska, KA, Guziur, J, Grzybowski, M, and Szarek, J (2003). „DDT in soil ofpesticide tomb and surrounding ecosystems”. Proceedings of the 10 th Symposium,“On Analytical and Environmental Problems”. Szeged, Hungary. Ed. Z. Galbacs(ISBN 963 212 867 2), pp. 27-31.Skibniewska, KA, Guziur, J, Marzec, Z, Zaręba, S, Grzybowski, M, and Szarek, J(2008). „ Lead and cadmium content in meat tissue of fish from water ecosystems inthe vicinity of pesticide tomb”. Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies. Vol 37,No3, pp 79-86.Skibniewska, KA, Guziur, J, and Szarek, J, (2004). „DDT and its metabolites in fatof fish sampled in reservoirs influenced by pesticide tomb”. Bulletin VURHVodnany, No 4, pp 164-170.Szarek, J, Babińska, I, Skibniewska, K, Guziur, J, Gesek, M, and Andrzejewska, A(2010). „Pathomorphological changes of the liver in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) aredependent on fish production technology”. Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol143, No 4, pp 345.Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Grzybowski, M, Guziur, J, Babińska, I, Andrzejewska,A, Gesek, M, Zmysłowska, I, Felsmann, MZ, Zakrzewski, J, and Kowalski, I(2009). „Pathomorphological pattern of the liver of the black-striped field mouse(Apodemus agrarius, Pallas 1771) as a tool in the monitoring of environmentalhealth”. Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol 141. No 4, pp 315.AcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides163
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The Impactof PesticidesEdited by:Pr
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Other access free resources from Ac
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The Impact of PesticidesPrepared an
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Table of Contentsp.203-p.224 Behavi
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About authorspublished by Elsevier.
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About authorsof medical researchers
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About authorsdifferent spatial scal
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About authorsEducation:Bachelor’s
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About authorsSensors - A Nanotechno
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Section 1HUMAN EXPOSURE TO PESTICID
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ecently explored on preliminary stu
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individuals within 1 day (Jokanovic
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occupational environmental health r
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must be considered, since effective
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Jensen BH, Petersen A, and Christen
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Ragas AMJ, and Huijbregts MAJ (1998
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Weichenthal S, Moase C, and Chan P
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human poisoning, general acute symp
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Management of the cholinergic syndr
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1982; Lotti, 1992; Jokanović et al
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exposed populations, revealed high
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DiazepamBenzodiazepines are CNS dep
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Among the many classes of oximes in
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inhibited by dichlorvos (a dimethox
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Dawson, 1995). It appears that the
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Eddleston M, Eyer P, Worek F, Moham
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Jokanović M, Kosanović M (2010b).
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Ray DE (1998). Chronic effects of l
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Worek F, Eyer P, Kiderlen D, Thierm
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developing countries is due to suic
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count and morphology, as well as se
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PON1 modulation of genetic damageFe
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elationship between OP exposure and
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Blatter-Garin MC, James RW, Dussoix
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Hung RJ, Hall J, Brennan P, Boffett
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Rojas-García AE., Solís-Heredia M
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Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
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considered as conditions typical of
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observed adverse health outcome. Su
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within cells can oxidize biomolecul
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of the study. A face-to-face questi
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PesticidesFungicideInsecticide-Nema
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Table 4. Mixtures of pesticides use
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In pesticide applicators, Table 7 s
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DISCUSSIONThe agricultural workers
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changes in the antioxidant enzyme C
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Bajpayee, M.; Pandey, A. K.; Parmar
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Environmental health criteria 155.
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Palus, J.; Rydzynski, K.; Dziubalto
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Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; Tice, R.R
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INTRODUCTIONPopulations may be occu
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exposure scenarios on the basis of
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not present adverse health effects
Page 112 and 113: greenhouse workers exposed to malat
Page 114 and 115: Paraoxon is then either metabolized
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Page 118 and 119: metabolite of phthalates, such that
Page 120 and 121: scenarios were simulated, assuming
Page 122 and 123: Table 2. Biological reference value
Page 124 and 125: References N a urinarybiomarkeStudi
Page 126 and 127: Figure 2. Representation of a BRV d
Page 128 and 129: Figure 4. Conceptual representation
Page 130 and 131: Figure 6 Conceptual representation
Page 132 and 133: REFERENCESACGIH, 2011. Documentatio
Page 134 and 135: Bradway, D.E., Shafik, T.M., 1977.
Page 136 and 137: EPA, 1999b. Registration Eligibilit
Page 138 and 139: Hines, C.J., Deddens, J.A., Jaycox,
Page 140 and 141: McCollister, S.B., Kociba, R.J., Hu
Page 142 and 143: Verberk, M.M., Brouwer, D.H., Brouw
Page 144 and 145: important IGFBP for binding IGF-1 i
Page 146 and 147: secretion of IGF-1 (Tannheimer et a
Page 148 and 149: FIGURESFig. 1. An “hormetic” ef
Page 150 and 151: Landi F, Capoluongo E, Russo A, Ond
Page 152 and 153: Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR
Page 154 and 155: Section 2PESTICIDES IN THEENVIRONME
Page 156 and 157: vicinity of subsoil waters and ther
Page 158 and 159: Hieracium pilosella, southernwood -
Page 160 and 161: formed clusters (Figure 3). Ultrast
Page 164 and 165: Szarek, J, Skibniewska, K, Wojtacka
Page 166 and 167: negative effects (ZALUCKI et al., 2
Page 168 and 169: Figure 2. Appropriated sampling pro
Page 170 and 171: Figure 4. Illustration of the conse
Page 172 and 173: (HAILE et al., 1998). Earlier resul
Page 174 and 175: Table 1. Distribution of the applic
Page 176 and 177: Means followed by the same letter i
Page 178 and 179: (involving pests and natural enemie
Page 180 and 181: efore the pest emergence and their
Page 182 and 183: Table 3 (continuation)…AcademyPub
Page 184 and 185: Table 5. Effect of different fungic
Page 186 and 187: Table 6. Magament used including do
Page 188 and 189: adopted by Brazilian soybean grower
Page 190 and 191: Pickle, C.S.; Caviness, C.E. Yield
Page 192 and 193: This chapter reports on Dutch surfa
Page 194 and 195: several different occasions at any
Page 196 and 197: The greatest number of pesticides a
Page 198 and 199: Accumulated ExceedanceIt is useful
Page 200 and 201: For the years 2003-2009 the calcula
Page 202 and 203: Bonzini S, Verro R, Otto S, Lazzaro
Page 204 and 205: atios of the pesticide amounts in t
Page 206 and 207: Table 1. (Cont.) Runoff ratios of p
Page 208 and 209: mefenacet and simetrin were observe
Page 210 and 211: Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Table 2. (Cont.)Pesticide concentra
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Fig. 3. Typical weekly variation of
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(BAM) in water (Pukkila et al. 2009
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Table 5. Concentrations of pesticid
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Table 6. Maximum concentrations of
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Iwafune, T, Inao, K, Horio, T, Iwas
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Suzuki, M, Takemine, S, Yoshida, M,
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factor, etc. Levels of pesticides i
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factor of 10 above ambient sea wate
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weight sample. Minimum were shown f
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Figure 3. DDTs in mussel samples fo
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Figure 5. HCB in mussel samples for
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Figure 8. Methoxychlor in mussel sa
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTAuthors thank UNEP/M
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Pesticide Risk Index of Del Azul Wa
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on that presented in Swanson et al.
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eference value for that substance.
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predict the aquatic toxicity of a s
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Calculation Model of Aggravating Fa
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To estimate the values of Human Hea
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water in comparison with the durati
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Cypermethrin (95 th percentile (P 9
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Table 8 shows the results of the De
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are many ranking systems of dangero
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REFERENCESAres J. (2004). “Estima
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Mackay D. and Paterson S. (1991).
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Long-term Monitoring of Pesticides
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Sampling sites of the survey in 200
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than those in Lake Biwa and Seta Ri
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Fig. 7 Detection of fungicides in R
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Fig. 11 Detection of herbicides in
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Monitoring of pesticides in Yanamun
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A measured volume (1000 mL) of the
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SimetrynePretilachlorConcentration
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Fig. 18 Maximum concentrations of t
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Ecological risk assessmentFig. 20 Y
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REFERENCESAgradi E, Baga R, Cillo F
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Time Trend Variation of Selected Pe
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Table 1. Physical and chemical prop
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marketed under variety of trade nam
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Figure 3. Long-term trends of globa
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laboratory animals fed or injected
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fed for a lifespan at 5-1,600 mg/kg
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Soil samplingSoil sampling was foll
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Figure 5. Map showing sampling area
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concentration (MAC) in surface soil
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Table 7. Concentrations of HCH isom
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Shanghai and Guanting Reservoir (Ch
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Contrary to the results of ΣDDT, t
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DDT metabolites, the ratio of (p,p
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2001). Therefore, the predominance
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Mean concentration (ng g -1 dw)3002
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CONCLUSIONSAn evaluation of selecte
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Hung, D.Q., Thiemann, W., (2002),
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Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H.,
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found in tissues or fluids samples
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Study area and SamplingThis study w
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the liver, mainly to p,p'-DDE and p
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33,370 ha, whilst that of woody cro
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Increase in crops area (x1000)Ha)25
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Table 1. Blood concentrations of or
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Council Directive 90/533/EEC of 15
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Konstantinou, IK, Goutner, V, Alban
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Smith, AG (2004). “Toxicology of
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Pesticides are used in order to pro
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EXPERIMENTALMaterialsIsoproturon wa
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RESULTS AND DISCUSIONEquilibrium is
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As seen in Table 4, as the concentr
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Fig.4. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.6. Breakthrough curves of isopr
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Fig.8. Experimental and theoretical
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Section 3PESTICIDE ANALYSISAcademyP
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scandal’ are familiar to the gene
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ecoveries (>70%) for certain pH-dep
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Due the versatility of the QuEChERS
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of application, with some still sca
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The main supercritical solvent used
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extracting the pesticides from the
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would be appropriate for the routin
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chromatography with negative-ion el
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GPC was applied as a nondestructive
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Charlton A.J.A., Stuckey, V. (2009)
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Lehotay, S.J., Mastvoska, K. & Yun,
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Rodrigues, F. M., Mesquita, P. R. R
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Analytical methods to assess the im
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acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter t
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1.3 to 22.3% for all pesticides. Li
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Malathion, parathion, fenitrothion,
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Fuller, BH and Berger, GMB (1990).
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Table 1. Largest exporters of coffe
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Fig. 1: Structures of (a) Phosphate
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ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORBiosensors
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inorganic and organic species a lar
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surface area and be easily modified
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Acetylcholine + H 2 O AChE Choline
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Wang, 2010) and tetracyanoquinodime
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PDDA/AChE/PDDA/CNT/GCAChE-Au-PPy/GC
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ng/mL and good precision (RSD ) 5.3
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FUTURE PERSPECTIVESThe detection of
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Du, D; Wang, M; Cai, J; Qin, Y; Zha
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Martorell, D; Cespedes, F; Fabreaga
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The Pesticide Action Network (PAN).
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About EditorMilan JokanovićProfess
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THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDESPesticides
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