The Impact of Pesticides - Academy Publish

An Overview of Organochlorinated Pesticide Residues inAlbania.Case study: Porto Romano, Adriatic SeaAurel Nuro, Elda MarkuABSTRACTThe findings reported here are parts of a biomonitoring study to determine theconcentration and distribution of organochlorinated pesticide residues in mussel’sMytilus Galloprovincialus in a station considered hot-spot of Albania Coast, Porto-Romano located in Adriatic Sea. Organochlorinated pesticides such as DDT,Lindane, Hexachlorbenzene, Heptachlor and Aldrine were used widely before 90’ inAlbania for agricultural purposes. The former Chemical Enterprise located in Porto-Romano produced pesticides for almost two decades, mostly Lindane. In workingperiod Lindane Plant has generated pollution because of discharging industrialwastes directly to the sea. As a result of recent development in agriculture, after 90’the use of pesticides in general has decreased. Tones of pesticides due to theinappropriate conditions of conservation and storage have been damaged in this areabut not only. Considerable part of stock pesticides finished also to the sea becausethe mismanagement and atmospheric factors.Study of pesticide residues in marine waters located in this area was carrying outusing sentinel organisms. Mussels have been shown to concentrate many organiccontaminants by a factor of 10 above ambient sea water levels, providing a directrepresentation of pollutant bioavailability. The mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialiswere used because of their physiology and accumulation processes are well known,have a large geographic distribution in the Adriatic Sea and easy to find. Musselsamples were collected in November for years 2002-2008. The direct measurementsof chlorinated contaminants need sophisticated and costly methods, with somedifficulties for their application to the monitoring of Water Sea. Biomonitoring isbased on the ability of mussels to concentrate chemical contaminants in tissues inrelation to their biodisponibility.The mussel samples firstly were homogenized with anhydrous sodium sulfate afterthat extracted by water bath assisted extraction. Clean-up procedure was performedusing sulfuric acid for lipids hydrolyze followed by a second purification on florisilcolumn. HP 6890 Series II gas chromatograph equipped with a 63 Ni micro-electroncapture detector was used for determination and quantification of organochlorinatedpesticides. The column used for separation of pesticides was a HP-5 (25 m x 0.33mm I.D., 0.25µm film).The presence of organochlorinated pesticide residues in mussel samples indicatesthe presence of these contaminants in Porto-Romano station. The old industriesrepresent the major polluting factor, followed by agricultural contribution and otherpossible sources of contamination such as the water-based contribution, atmosphericAcademyPublish.org - The Impact of Pesticides225